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司馬遷

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司馬遷,生龍門,耕牧河山之陽,父談,為前漢太史公。年十歲則誦古文。二十而南游淮,上會稽,探穴,窺九疑,浮沅湘。北涉汶泗,講業之都,觀夫子遺風,鄉射鄒嶧;困蕃、薛、彭城,過以歸。於是遷仕為郎中,奉使西征巴蜀以南,略邛、筰、昆明,還報命。

是歲,天子始建漢家之封,而太史公留滯周南,不得與從事,發憤且卒。而子遷適反,見父於之間。太史公執遷手而泣曰︰「漢興,海內壹統,明主賢君,忠臣義士,予為太史而不論載,廢天下之史,予甚懼焉,爾其念哉。」遷俯首流涕曰︰「小子不敏,請悉論先人所次舊聞,不敢闕。」卒三歲,而遷為太史令,史記石室金鐀之書。於是論次其文。

七年而遭李陵之禍,幽於纍紲。迺喟然嘆曰︰「是余之辠夫。身虧不用矣。」退而深惟曰︰「夫詩書隱約者,欲遂其志之思也。」卒述陶唐以來,至于麟止,自黃帝始,著十二本紀,十表,八書,三十世家,七十列傳。凡百三十篇,五十二萬六千五百字,為太史公書。遷既死後,其書稍出。

宣帝時,遷外孫平通侯楊惲祖述其書,遂宣布焉。至王莽時,求封遷後,為史通子。

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司馬遷
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