Gallium, ₃₁Ga

Gallium
Pípè	/ˈɡæliəm/ ​(GAL-ee-əm)
Ìhànsójú	silvery white
Ìwúwo átọ̀mù Ar, std(Ga)	69.723(1)[1]
Gallium ní orí tábìlì àyè
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson Al ↑ Ga ↓ In zinc ← gallium → germanium
Nọ́mbà átọ̀mù (Z)	31
Ẹgbẹ́	group 13 (boron group)
Àyè	àyè 4
Àdìpọ̀	Àdìpọ̀-p
Ẹ̀ka ẹ́límẹ́ntì	Post-transition metal
Ìtò ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Iye ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù lórí ìpele kọ̀ọ̀kan	2, 8, 18, 3
Àwọn ohun ìní ara
Ìfarahàn at STP	solid
Ìgbà ìyọ́	302.9146 K ​(29.7646 °C, ​85.5763 °F)
Ígbà ìhó	2477 K ​(2204 °C, ​3999 °F)
Kíki (near r.t.)	5.91 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	6.095 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	5.59 kJ/mol
Heat of	254 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.86 J/(mol·K)
pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1310 1448 1620 1838 2125 2518
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−5, −4, −3,[2] −2, −1, +1, +2, +3[3] Àdàkọ:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.81
energies	(more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 135 pm
Covalent radius	122±3 pm
Van der Waals radius	187 pm
Spectral lines of gallium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​orthorhombic
Speed of sound thin rod	2740 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	1.2 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	40.6 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	270 Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	9.8 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.47
Mohs hardness	1.5
Brinell hardness	60 MPa
CAS Number	7440-55-3
Main isotopes of gallium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 69Ga 60.11% 69Ga is stable with 38 neutrons 71Ga 39.89% 71Ga is stable with 40 neutrons
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1. ↑ Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. 
2. ↑ Ga(−3) has been observed in LaGa, see Dürr, Ines; Bauer, Britta; Röhr, Caroline (2011). "Lanthan-Triel/Tetrel-ide La(Al,Ga)_x(Si,Ge)_1-x. Experimentelle und theoretische Studien zur Stabilität intermetallischer 1:1-Phasen". Z. Naturforsch. 66b: 1107–1121. http://www.znaturforsch.com/s66b/s66b1107.pdf. 
3. ↑ Hofmann, Patrick (1997) (in de). Colture. Ein Programm zur interaktiven Visualisierung von Festkörperstrukturen sowie Synthese, Struktur und Eigenschaften von binären und ternären Alkali- und Erdalkalimetallgalliden. PhD Thesis, ETH Zurich. p. 72. doi:10.3929/ethz-a-001859893. ISBN 978-3728125972. http://www.uni-kassel.de/upress/online/frei/978-3-7281-2597-2.volltext.frei.pdf.