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Organine himii

Metanan (CH4) molekulan struktur. Se om kaikiš koveritomamb organine substancii.

Organine himii om himijan jaguz, tedoidab hil'nikan ühtnendoiden strukturad, ičendoid da sintezan metodoid toižidenke himižidenke elementoidenke, mülütadas niid organižihe ühtnendoihe.

Terminan eziauguine znamoičend el'genzi hil'nikan ühtnendoiden tedoidust kazmusiden da živatoiden augotižlibundanke vaiše. Sen tagut hil'nikan ühtnendoiden rivi ei mülü organižihe (oz., hil'nikan monooksid, hil'nikan dioksid, cianvezinik, rikhil'nik, metalloiden karbonilad), kaceltas niid anorganižikš ühtnendoikš. Hil'vezinikad oma organižiden ühtnendoiden strukturan ozutesed.

Hil'nik sädab kaikiš surembad ühtnendoiden lugumärad muga nimitadud organogenad-elementoidenke: H, N, O, S, P. Hil'nikan ičend ühtenzoittas elementoiden enambusenke i säta molekuloid erazvuiččenke mülündanke da sauvondanke vedab organižiden ühtnendoiden erazvuiččendale. Vn 1999 semendkus tetihe 25 mln himižid ühtnendoid, niiden keskes 12 mln oliba organižed. Se lugu ližadui teravas, i vn 2018 sulakule registriruihe 141 mln himižid substancijoid AÜV:oiden Himižes referativižes radnikoičendas (CAS). Organižed ühtnendad (oz., nukleotidad, londuseližed aminmuiktused, hil'vezikod) vätas pärolid eläbiden olijoiden elos.

Organižen himijan predmet mülütab nenid metoid, eksperimentaližid metodoid i teoretižid el'gendusid:

  • substancijoiden erigoičend torhudespäi (kazmused, živatad, kaivatused);
  • ühtnendoiden sintez i puhtastand;
  • substancijoiden strukturan märhapanend;
  • himižiden reakcijoiden mehanizmiden tedoiduz;
  • korreläcijoiden löudmine organižiden substancijoiden strukturan i ičendoiden keskes.

Erasiden-se organižiden substancijoiden samižen metodad oma tetabad amuižiš aigoišpäi. Äjad rahvahad teziba alkogoližiden jomiden tehmižen peitusud, saiba uksusad saharaspäi i trahmalanmülüjas torhudespäi.

Tedoiden edesine ližaduz zavodihe 18. voz'sadal. Vl 1747 saksalaine Andreas Marggraf-himik löuzi saharad svöklas, se om znamasine ekonomižešti tähäsai. Vll 1769−1785 Ročinman Karl Vil'hel'm Šeele-himik erigoiči severzid-se organižid muiktusid, niiden kesken jablok-, vin-, limon-, gall-, maid- i tuličuiden muiktused.


Nece kirjutuz om vaiše ezitegez. Tö voit abutada meile, ku kohendat sidä da ližadat sihe.
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Organine himii
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