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Realizm (falsafa).
Realizm (lot. realis — moddiy, haqiqiy) — falsafiy yoʻnalish. Unga koʻra, ongdan tashqaridagi mavjud reallik goʻyo ideal obʼyektlarning mavjudligidan (Platon, oʻrta asr sxolastikasi) yoki subʼyekt, bilish jarayoni va tajribaga bogʻliq boʻlmagan bilish obʼyektidan (20-asr falsafiy R.i) iboratdir. Oʻrta asr R.i universaliylar (umumiy tushunchalar) real va ongga bogʻliq boʻlmagan holda mavjud deb uqtirgan (qarang Nominalizm). Hozirgi zamon falsafasida realistik oqimlar ustuvorlik qiladi. Zamonaviy R.ning muhim yoʻnalishlari: tarixiy materializm, neorealizm, neotomizm va yangi ontologiya hisoblanadi. Yangi ontologiyaning mazmunini metafizik R. tashkil etadi. Tahlil markazida reallik bizga qanday berilgan va uni biz qay darajagacha bila olamiz degan masala turadi. Hozirgi zamon R.iga fenomenologiya va ekzistensializm muhim hissa qoʻshyapti.[1]
- ↑ OʻzME. Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil
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