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Radioaktiv elementlar

Radioaktiv elementlar - barcha izotoplari radioaktiv boʻlgan kimyoviy elementlar. Tabiatda uchraydigan, tartib raqami 83 (vismut)dan katta boʻlgan barcha elementlar radioaktiv. Ularni ketma ket yuz beradigan radioaktiv oʻzgarishlar zanjirlarining alohida halqalari sifatida tasavvur qilish mumkin. Bir zanjir tarkibiga kiruvchi elementlar radioaktiv oila yoki radioaktiv qator hosil qiladi (qarang Radioaktiv qatorlar). Tartib raqami 83 dan kichik boʻlgan Radioaktiv elementlar ham bor. Ular texnetsiy 43Te va prometiy 61Pm. Davriy sistemada joylashgan urandan keyingi elementlar sunʼiy usulda olingan transuran elementlardir.

Tabiiy Radioaktiv elementlardan faqat uran (tartib raqami 92) va toriy (90) elementi izotoplarining yarim yemirilish davri Yerning yoshiga yaqin. 238U(T,,2=4,51 mlrd.-yil), 235U(713 mln.y.), 232Th(14,l mlrd.-yil). Shuning uchun barcha tabiiy Radioaktiv elementlar ichida faqat uran bilan toriy birlamchi Radioaktiv elementlar hisoblanadi. Qolgan barcha Radioaktiv elementlar uzoq mavjud boʻluvchi izotoplarning parchalanishidan hosil boʻladi va ular ikkilamchi Radioaktiv elementlar hisoblanadi.

Turgʻun izotoplaridan tashqari uzoq mavjud boʻluvchi tabiiy radioaktiv izotoplari boʻlgan 16 ta element ham mavjud (40K, 50V, 87Rb, ll5In, l38La, l42Ce, l44Nb, l47Sm, 152Gd, l76Lu, l74Hf, l80Ta, l80W, l87Re, "°Pt, l92Pt). Yadro energiyasi olishda uran va plutoniy amaliy ahamiyatga ega[1].

  1. OʻzME. Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil




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Radioaktiv elementlar
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