اودویسر
| |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (لاطینی میں: Odoacer) | |||||||
.png) |
|||||||
| معلومات شخصیت | |||||||
| پیدائش | سنہ 433ء [1][2] | ||||||
| وفات | 15 مارچ 493ء (59–60 سال)[3] راوینا |
||||||
| مناصب | |||||||
| اظالیہ کا فرماں روا | |||||||
| برسر عہدہ 4 ستمبر 476 – 15 مارچ 493 |
|||||||
| |||||||
| دیگر معلومات | |||||||
| پیشہ | عسکری قائد | ||||||
درستی - ترمیم  | |||||||
اودویسر (انگریزی: Odoacer) [ا] (/ˌoʊdoʊˈeɪsər/ OH-doh-AY-sər;[ب] ت 433 – 15 مارچ 493 عیسوی)، مشرقی دریائے ڈینیوب کا ایک وحشی سپاہی اور سیاست دان تھا جس نے مغربی رومی سلطنت کے بیٹے شہنشاہ رومولس آگسٹولس کو معزول کیا اور اطالیہ کا حکمران بنا (476ء–493ء)۔ اودویسر کی طرف سے رومولس آگسٹولس کا تختہ الٹنے کو روایتی طور پر مغربی رومی سلطنت کا زوال کے طور پر دیکھا جاتا ہے۔
مزید دیکھیے
[ترمیم]حواشی
[ترمیم]حوالہ جات
[ترمیم]- ↑ ایس این اے سی آرک آئی ڈی: https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6rz1w2b — بنام: Odoacer — اخذ شدہ بتاریخ: 9 اکتوبر 2017
- ↑ University of Barcelona authority ID (former scheme): https://crai.ub.edu/sites/default/files/autoritats/permanent/a1202580 — بنام: Odoacre
- ↑ دائرۃ المعارف بریطانیکا آن لائن آئی ڈی: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Odoacer — بنام: Odoacer — اخذ شدہ بتاریخ: 9 اکتوبر 2017 — عنوان : Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ Martindale 1980.
- ↑ Cameron 1988.
مصادر
[ترمیم]- Patrick Amory (1997)۔ People and Identity in Ostrogothic Italy, 489–554۔ Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press۔ ISBN 978-0-51152-306-9
- Jack F. Bernard (1970)۔ Up from Caesar: A Survey of the History of Italy from the Fall of the Roman Empire to the Collapse of Fascism۔ New York: Doubleday & Co.۔ OCLC 806326076
- Matthew Bunson (1995)۔ A Dictionary of the Roman Empire۔ Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press۔ ISBN 978-0-19510-233-8
- J.B. Bury (1923)۔ History of the Later Roman Empire: From the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian۔ I۔ New York: Macmillan۔ OCLC 963903029
- J.B. Bury (1958)۔ History of the Later Roman Empire: From the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian۔ II۔ New York: Dover Publications Inc.۔ OCLC 62206973
- Alan Cameron (1988)۔ "Flavius: a Nicety of Protocol"۔ Latomus۔ 47 (1): 26–33۔ JSTOR 41540754
- Frank M. Clover (1999)۔ "A Game of Bluff: The Fate of Sicily after A.D. 476"۔ Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte۔ 48 (1): 235–244۔ JSTOR 4436542
- Raymond Davis (2001)۔ Book of the Pontiffs (Liber Pontificalis)۔ Liverpool: Liverpool University Press۔ ISBN 978-0-85323-545-3
- Hans Delbrück (1990)۔ The Barbarian Invasions۔ History of the Art of War۔ II۔ Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press۔ ISBN 978-0-80329-200-0
- Magnus Felix Ennodius (1942)۔ The Life of Saint Epiphanius۔ Translated, Edited, and Commentary by Genevieve Marie Cook۔ Washington DC: Catholic University Press۔ OCLC 883796942
- Hugh Elton (2018)۔ The Roman Empire in Late Antiquity: A Political and Military History۔ Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press۔ ISBN 978-1-10845-631-9
- Eugippius (1965)۔ "Commemoratorium Severinus"۔ The Life of Saint Severin۔ Translated by Ludwig Bieler۔ Washington DC: Catholic University Press۔ OCLC 422145289
- Michael Frassetto (2003)۔ Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe: Society in Transformation۔ Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO۔ ISBN 978-1-57607-263-9
- Sir Edward Gibbon (1998) [1789]۔ The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire۔ London: Wordsworth Editions۔ ISBN 978-1-85326-499-3
- Adrian Goldsworthy (2009)۔ How Rome Fell: Death of a Superpower۔ New Haven and London: Yale University Press۔ ISBN 978-0-30013-719-4
- Michael Grant (1998)۔ From Rome to Byzantium: The Fifth Century AD۔ London and New York: Routledge۔ ISBN 978-1-13516-672-4
- Gregory of Tours (1974)۔ The History of the Franks۔ Translated by Lewis Thorpe۔ New York: Penguin Books۔ ISBN 978-0-14044-295-3
- Guy Halsall (2007)۔ Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West, 376–568۔ Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press۔ ISBN 978-0-52143-543-7
- Peter Heather (1996)۔ The Goths۔ Oxford: Blackwell۔ ISBN 978-0-63120-932-4
- Peter Heather (2005)۔ The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians۔ Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press۔ ISBN 978-0-19515-954-7
- Peter Heather (2013)۔ The Restoration of Rome: Barbarian Popes & Imperial Pretenders۔ Oxford: Oxford University Press۔ ISBN 978-0-19-936851-8
- Erik Jensen (2018)۔ Barbarians in the Greek and Roman World۔ Cambridge; Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing۔ ISBN 978-1-62466-712-1
- A.H.M. Jones (1964)۔ "The Fall of the Western Empire and the Barbarian Kingdoms"۔ The Later Roman Empire, 284–602: A Social, Economic, and Administrative Survey۔ I۔ Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press۔ ISBN 0801832845
- Jordanes (1915)۔ The Gothic History of Jordanes۔ Translated by Charles C. Mierow۔ London: Oxford University Press۔ OCLC 463056290
- Hyun Jin Kim (2013)۔ The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe۔ Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press۔ ISBN 978-1-10700-906-6
- A.D. Lee (2013)۔ From Rome to Byzantium AD 363 to 565: The Transformation of Ancient Rome۔ Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press۔ ISBN 978-0-74862-790-5
- Bruce Macbain (1983)۔ "Odovacer the Hun?"۔ Classical Philology۔ 78 (1): 323–327۔ JSTOR 269961۔ doi:10.1086/366807
- Paul R. Magocsi (2015)۔ With Their Backs to the Mountains: A History of Carpathian Rus' and Carpatho-Rusyns۔ Budapest and New York: Central European University Press۔ ISBN 978-6155053467
- J.R. Martindale (1980)۔ "Odoacer"۔ Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire۔ 2 (A.D. 395–527)۔ London; New York: Cambridge University Press۔ صفحہ: 791–793۔ ISBN 0-521-20159-4
- Penny MacGeorge (2002)۔ Late Roman Warlords۔ Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press۔ ISBN 978-0-19-925244-2
- Paul the Deacon (2003)۔ History of the Lombards۔ Translated by William Dudley Foulke۔ Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press۔ ISBN 0-8122-1079-4
- Prokopios (2014)۔ The Wars of Justinian۔ Translated by H. B. Dewing۔ Indianapolis; Cambridge: Hackett Publishing۔ ISBN 978-1-62466-172-3
- Robert L. Reynolds، Robert S. Lopez (1946)۔ "Odoacer: German or Hun?"۔ The American Historical Review۔ 52 (1): 36–53۔ JSTOR 1845067۔ doi:10.1086/ahr/52.1.36
- Ian Shiels (2022)۔ "'Wulf and Eadwacer' Reloaded: John of Antioch and the Starving Wife of Odoacer"۔ Anglia: Journal of English Philology۔ 140 (3–4): 373–420۔ doi:10.1515/ang-2022-0056
- G. Sotiroff (1974)۔ The Assassination of Justinian's Personality۔ Lynn Publishing۔ OCLC 906162550
- E.A. Thompson (1982)۔ Romans and Barbarians: The Decline of the Western Empire۔ Madison: University of Wisconsin Press۔ ISBN 0-299-08700-X
- Joseph Voyles (1992)۔ Early Germanic Grammar: Pre-, Proto-, and Post-Germanic Languages۔ Academic Press۔ ISBN 0-12-728270-X
- Carl Waldman، Catherine Mason (2006)۔ Encyclopedia of European Peoples۔ New York: Facts on File۔ ISBN 978-0816049646
- Herwig Wolfram (1988)۔ History of the Goths۔ Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press۔ ISBN 0-520-05259-5
- Herwig Wolfram (1997)۔ The Roman Empire and its Germanic Peoples۔ Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press۔ ISBN 0-520-08511-6
- Omeljan Pritsak (1982)۔ The Hunnic Language of the Attila Clan (PDF)۔ IV۔ Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute۔ ISSN 0363-5570۔ 13 دسمبر 2016 میں اصل (PDF) سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 15 ستمبر 2023
مزید پڑھیے
[ترمیم]- Timothy E. Gregory (2005)۔ A History of Byzantium۔ Malden, MA; Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing۔ ISBN 978-0-63123-513-2
| اتروسک تہذیب |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| قدیم روم |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medieval and Early Modern states |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| فرانسیسی جمہوریہ اول and فرانسیسی سلطنت اول eras (1792–1815) |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Post-Napoleonic states |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
Cover photo is available under {{::mainImage.info.license.name || 'Unknown'}} license.
Cover photo is available under {{::mainImage.info.license.name || 'Unknown'}} license.
Credit:
(see original file).
