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Langgam

Langgam
Temporal na saklaw: 100–0 Ma[kailangan ng sanggunian]
Late Albian – Present
Fire ants
Klasipikasyong pang-agham e
Dominyo: Eukaryota
Kaharian: Animalia
Kalapian: Arthropoda
Hati: Insecta
Orden: Hymenoptera
Suborden: Apocrita
Superpamilya: Formicoidea
Pamilya: Formicidae
Latreille, 1809
Tipo ng espesye
Formica rufa
Linnaeus, 1761
Subfamilies
  • Agroecomyrmecinae
  • Amblyoponinae (incl. "Apomyrminae")
  • Aneuretinae
  • Brownimeciinae
  • Dolichoderinae
  • Dorylinae
  • Ectatomminae
  • Formiciinae
  • Formicinae
  • Haidomyrmecinae
  • Heteroponerinae
  • Leptanillinae
  • Martialinae
  • Myrmeciinae (incl. "Nothomyrmeciinae")
  • Myrmicinae
  • Paraponerinae
  • Ponerinae
  • Proceratiinae
  • Pseudomyrmecinae
  • Sphecomyrminae
  • †Zigrasimeciinae
Cladogram of
subfamilies


Martialinae



Leptanillinae



Amblyoponinae



Paraponerinae



Agroecomyrmecinae



Ponerinae



Proceratiinae






Ecitoninae‡



Aenictinae‡




Dorylini‡



Aenictogitoninae‡





Cerapachyinae‡*



Leptanilloidinae‡







Dolichoderinae



Aneuretinae





Pseudomyrmecinae



Myrmeciinae







Ectatomminae



Heteroponerinae




Myrmicinae



Formicinae






A phylogeny of the extant ant subfamilies.[1][2]
*Cerapachyinae is paraphyletic
‡ The previous dorylomorph subfamilies were synonymized under Dorylinae by Brady et al. in 2014[3]

Langgam na galing sa Mt. Isarog
Isang kolonya ng mga langgam sa mga dahon.
isang spy na langgam
Mga masisipag na langgam sa dapit hapon

Ang mga langgam o guyam[4] ay mga eusocial na insekto ng pamilyang Formicidae at, kasama ng mga magkakaugnay na putakti at bubuyog, ay nabibilang sa orden na Hymenoptera. Lumilitaw sa fossil record ang mga langgam sa iba't-ibang mga panig ng mundo nang may dibersidad na konsiderable noong pinakahuling Early Cretaceous at noong pinakamaagang Late Cretaceous, na nagpapahiwatig na maaaring may mas maaga pang pinagmulan. Nag-ebolb ang mga langgam mula sa mga ninuno na mga vespoid na putakti noong panahong Cretaceous, at mas lalong nagdiversify pagkatapos ng paglago ng mga halamang namumulaklak. Naiklasipika na ang higit pa sa 13,800 ng tinatayang kabuoan na 22,000 mga espesye. Madali silang matukoy sa kanilang mga geniculate (elbowed) na antena at ang natatanging estruktura na parang node na bumubuo sa kanilang mga baywang na baling-kinitan.

Dulot ng asidong pormiko, na tinuturok o ini-iniksiyon ng langgam kapag nangangagat, ang hapding sanhi ng kagat ng langgam. Sa Latin, formica ang katawagan para sa langgam.[5]

  • Sila ay mga artropodang may anim na paa, dalawang mata at dalawang antena sa ulo.

Mga sanggunian

[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
  1. Ward PS (2007). "Phylogeny, classification, and species-level taxonomy of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1668: 549–563. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.26.((cite journal)): CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  2. Rabeling C, Brown JM, Verhaagh M (Setyembre 2008). "Newly discovered sister lineage sheds light on early ant evolution". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (39): 14913–7. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10514913R. doi:10.1073/pnas.0806187105. PMC 2567467. PMID 18794530.((cite journal)): CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  3. Brady SG, Fisher BL, Schultz TR, Ward PS (Mayo 2014). "The rise of army ants and their relatives: diversification of specialized predatory doryline ants". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 14: 93. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-93. PMC 4021219. PMID 24886136.((cite journal)): CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  4. English, Leo James, Diksyunaryong Tagalog-Ingles, Kongregasyon ng Kabanalbanalang Tagapag-ligtas, Maynila, ipinamamahagi ng National Book Store, may 1583 na mga dahon, ISBN 971-91055-0-X
  5. Robinson, Victor, pat. (1939). "Ant bite". The Modern Home Physician, A New Encyclopedia of Medical Knowledge. WM. H. Wise & Company (New York).((cite ensiklopedya)): CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link), pahina 38.

Mga kawing panlabas

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Langgam
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