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Standardno stanje

Standardno stanje materijala (čiste supstance, mešavine ili rastvora) je referentna tačka koja se koristi za proračun njegovih osobina pod različitim uslovima. U principu, izvor standardnog stanja je arbitraran, mada Međunarodna unija za čistu i primenjenu hemiju (IUPAC) preporučuje konvencionalni skup standardnih stanja za generalnu upotrebu.[1] IUPAC preporučuje korišćenje standardnog pritiska po = 1 bar (100 kilopaskala). Striktno govoreći, temperatura nije deo definicije standardnog stanja. Na primer, standardno stanje gasa je konvencionalno izabrano da bude jedinica pritiska (obično u barovima) idealnog gasa, nezavisno od temperature. Međutim, većina tabela termodinamičkih količina su kompajlirane na specifičnim temperaturama, najčešće 298.15 K or, u manjoj meri 273.15 K. Standardno stanje ne bi trebalo mešati sa standardnom temperaturom i pritiskom (STP) gasova,[2] niti sa standardnim rastvorom korišćenim u analitičkoj hemiji.[3]

U toku razvoja standarda u devetnaestom veku, superscript simbol o je bio usvojen da indicira non-nula prirodu standardnog stanja. Superskript krug º je takođe u širokoj upotrebi, i oba su jednako prihvatljiva.[4]

Literatura

  1. ^ IUPAC. „standard state”. Kompendijum hemijske terminologije (Internet izdanje).
  2. ^ IUPAC. „standard conditions for gases”. Kompendijum hemijske terminologije (Internet izdanje).
  3. ^ IUPAC. „standard solution”. Kompendijum hemijske terminologije (Internet izdanje).
  4. ^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (1993). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, 2nd edition, Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-632-03583-8. pp. 48–54. Electronic version.

Dodatna literatura

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Standardno stanje
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