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Dimer (hemija)

Dimeri karboksilnih kiselina se često nalaze u parnoj fazi.

Dimer je hemijski entitet koji se sastoji od dve strukturno slične podjedinica, monomera, koji su vezani bilo jakim ili slabim vezama.[1]

Dimer koji je stabilniji u svom pobuđenom u odnosu na osnovno stanje je egzimer.

Dimer ciklopentadiena

Molekularni dimeri se često formiraju reakcijom dva identična jedinjenja, npr.: 2A → A-A. U ovoj reakciji monomer "A" se dimerizuje i daje dimer "A-A". Na primer Diaminokarbeni se dimerizuju u tetraaminoetilene[2]:

2 C(NR2)2 → (R2N)2C=C(NR2)2

Sirćetna kiselina formira dimer u gasnoj fazi, u kome su monomerne jedinice vezane vodoničnim vezama. Pod specijalnim uslovima, većina molekula koji sadrže OH-grupe formira dimere, npr. dimer vode.

Diciklopentadien je asimetrični dimer dva molekula ciklopentadiena koji su reagovali u Diels-Alderovoj reakciji. Nakon zagrevanje, on se razlaže (podleže retro-Diels-Alderovoj reakciji) i daje dva identična monomera:

C10H12 → 2 C5H6

Termin homodimer se koristi kad su dva molekula identična (e.g. A-A), i heterodimer kad nisu (e.g. A-B). Reverzna reakcije dimerizacije se naziva disocijacijom.

  1. ^ IUPAC. „dimerization”. Kompendijum hemijske terminologije (Internet izdanje).
  2. ^ Clayden, Jonathan; Greeves, Nick; Warren, Stuart; Wothers, Peter (2001). Organic Chemistry (I изд.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-850346-0. 
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Dimer (hemija)
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