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Cerebrozid

Opšte strukture sfingolipida

Cerebrozid je zajedničko ime za grupu glikosfingolipida zvanih monoglikozilceramidi, koji su važne komponente životinjskih mišićnih i nervnih ćelijskih membrana.

Oni se sastoje od ceramida sa jednim šećernim ostatkom na 1-hidroksilnoj grupi. Šećerni ostatak može da bude bilo glukoza ili galaktoza. Dva glavna tipa se stoga nazivaju glukocerebrozidi i galaktocerebrosidi. Galaktocerebrozidi su tipično prisutni u nervnom tkivu, dok su glukocerebrozidi zastupljeni u drugim tkivima.

Za biosintezu monoglikozilceramida neophodan je direktan transfer ugljeno hidratne grupe sa šećer-nukleotida, kao što je uridin 5-difosfat(UDP)-galaktoza, ili UDP-glukoza na ceramidnu jedinicu. Ova glikozil-transferazom katalizovana reakcija dovodi do stereohemijske inverzije glikozidne veze, tako da dolazi do prelaza α →β. Sinteza galaktozilceramida, i glukozilceramida se odvija u endoplazmatičnom retikulumu, i na citosolnoj strani Goldžijevih membrana.

Spoljašnje veze

[уреди | уреди извор]
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Cerebrozid
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