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Skit

Skit Smolenski na otoku Valaam (Valamo) na Ladoškem jezeru , Karelija, Rusija

Skit (iz koptskega ϣⲓ(ϩ)ⲏⲧ preko grškega starogrško σκήτη, skiti) je meniška skupnost v vzhodnem krščanstvu, ki omogoča relativno izolacijo menihov, vendar dopušča komunalne storitve, skupne vire in zaščito. Skiti so ob eremitih, lavritih in kenobitih ena od štirih vrst zgodnjih samostanskih redov, ki so postali priljubljeni v zgodnjem obdobju razvoja krščanske Cerkve.

Skitske skupnosti imajo običajno več majhnih celic ali votlin, ki skužijo za bivanje, in osrednjo cerkev ali kapelo. Skupnosti se pogost štejejo za nekakšen most med strogo puščavniškim in posvetnim življenjskim slogom, ker so zmes obeh. Na drugi strani so tudi most do strožjih oblik meništva, kakršni sta puščavništvo in mučeništvo. Skupnosti so bile neposreden odziv na asketsko življenje, karkršno naj bi živeli zgodnji kristjani.

Izraz skit izhaja verjetno iz imena doline Sketis (Vadi El Natrun) v Egiptu, kjer so nastale prve skitske skupnosti. Nekaj znanstvenikov trdi, da je izraz skit stilizirano črkovanje besede asket.

  • "The Coptic monasteries of the Wadi Natrum". The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 6 (2, februar 1911): 19-20.
  • El-Meskeen, Matta. Coptic Monasticism & The Monastery of St. Macarius: A Short History. Monastery of St.Macarius, Kairo, 2001.
  • Russell, Norman. The Lives of the Desert Fathers. Cistercian Publications: Kalamazoo, 1981.
  • Russell, Dorthea. Medieval Cairo and the Monasteries of the Wadi Natrum: A Historical Guide. Thomas Nelson and Sons, New York, 1963.
  • Ward, Benedicta. The Sayings of the Desert Fathers. Cistercian Publications, Oxford, 1975.
  • Harmless, William. Desert Christians: An Introduction to the Literature of Early Monasticism. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2004. str. 169-181.
  • Goehring, James. Ascetics, Society and the Desert: Studies in Early Egyptian Monasticism. Trinity Press International, Harrisburg, 1999. str. 19.
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Skit
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