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Purin

Purin
Ime IUPAC 7H-purin
Lastnosti
Kemijska formula C5H4N4
Molska masa 120,112 g/mol
Tališče 214 °C
Kjer ni drugače navedeno, so podatki dani za
standardne razmere (pri 25 °C, 100 kPa).

Purín je heterociklična dušikova aromatska spojina, ki ima v svoji strukturi na pirimidinski obroč prikondenziran imidazol. Je osnovni gradnik purinskih dušikovih baz, ki (poleg pirimidinskih baz) tvorijo nukleotide – gradnike DNK in RNK.

Naziv purini se uporablja tudi za substituirane purinske spojine (ki imajo na purinskem skeletu pripete tudi druge skupine), npr. adenin, gvanin, kofein ...

Purini so v naravi najbolj razširjeni dušikovi heterocikli.[1]

Pomembni purini

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Purini predstavljajo polovico dušikovih baz v jedrnih kislinah, saj tvorijo adenin in gvanin. V DNK se purinske baze povezujejo s komplementarnimi pirimidinskimi bazami, in sicer s timinom in citozinom – to imenujemo komplementarno parjenje baz. V RNK se namesto timina pojavlja uracil.

Pomembni purini so tudi hipoksantin, ksantin, teobromin, kofein, sečna kislina in izogvanin.

1 = purin, 2 = adenin, 3 = gvanin, 4 = hipoksantin, 5 = ksantin, 6 = teogromin, 7 = kofein, 8 = sečna kislina, 9 = izogvanin

Vloga

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Poleg RNK in DNK so purini tudi pomembni graditelji drugih biomolekul, na primer ATP-ja, GTP-ja, cAMP-ja, NADH-ja, koencima A ... Purin (nesubstituiran) sam v naravi ni bil najden, lahko pa ga pridobimo z organsko sintezo.

Fischerjeva sinteza purina:

Viri in opombe

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  1. Rosemeyer, H. Chemistry & Biodiversity 2004, 1, 361.

Glej tudi

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Purin
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