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Nihajni krog

Diagram nihajnega kroga

Nihájni króg je najpreprostejši električni krog, v katerem pride do nihanja. Sestavljata ga kondenzator in tuljava.

Kondenzator nabijemo na neko začetno napetost U0, nato pa izvor napetosti odstranimo. V vsakem trenutku mora po drugem Kirchhoffovem izreku veljati, da je vsota vseh napetosti v električnem krogu enaka nič:

Pri tem je napetost na tuljavi, napetost na kondenzatorju, L induktivnost tuljave, I električni tok, e naboj na kondenzatorju in C njegova kapacitivnost. Z odvajanjem enačbe po času t dobimo diferencialno enačbo 2. reda za tok:

Enačba ima enako obliko, kot jo ima enačba nedušenega nihanja, zato njeno rešitev poznamo:

Lastna krožna frekvenca takega nihajnega kroga je enaka

Nihajni krog je bistveni sestavni del oscilatorjev in filtrov in ga pogosto uporabljajo v radijski in telekomunikacijski tehniki.

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Nihajni krog
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