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Neasociativni kolobar

Neasociativni kolobar je v abstraktni algebri posplošitev pojma kolobarja.

Neasociativen kolobar je množica , ki ima dve operaciji: seštevanje in množenje. Kolobar je Abelova grupa za seštevanje. V kolobarju za seštevanje velja

  • v kolobarju obstoja element 0, tako, da velja
  • za vsak v obstoja element tako, da velja .

Množenje je linearno za vsako spremenljivko. Veljajo naslednja pravila:

  • (levi zakon distributivnosti)
  • (desni zakon distributivnosti)

V nasprotju s kolobarji se ne zahteva, da množenje zadošča asociativnosti. Prav tako se ne zahteva obstoja enotskega elementa, ki bi zadoščal .

Neasociativnost pomeni, da pri množenju asociativnost ni obvezna, je pa dovoljeno asociativno množenje. Zaradi tega so asociativni kolobarji posebni primer neasociativnih kolobarjev.

Zgledi

[uredi | uredi kodo]

Prvi primer neasociativnega kolobarja so oktonioni, ki jih je odkril irski matematik in pravnik John Thomas Graves (1806 – 1870) leta 1843. Tudi hiperbolični kvaternioni, ki jih je odkril škotski logik, fizik in matematik Alexander Macfarlane (1851 – 1913) v letu 1890, tvorijo neasociativno algebro.

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Neasociativni kolobar
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