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Saponifikacija

Saponifikacija ali umiljenje je hidroliza maščob v prisotnosti alkalij, pri čemer nastanejo soli maščobnih kislin (mila) in glicerol.[1]

Primer reakcije

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Umiljenje triglicerida (levo) z NaOH, pri čemer nastaneta milo in glicerol (desno):






Če se v postopku uporabi natrijev lug (NaOH), nastane trdo milo, če pa se uporabi kalijev lug (KOH), pa mehko milo.

Rastlinska olja in živalske maščobe so estri maščobnih kislin v obliki trigliceridov. Baza (luk) alkalijske kovine pretrga vezi estra in povzroči nastanek maščobnih kislin in glicerola.

Sklici

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  1. ↑ http://lsm1.amebis.si/lsmeds/novPogoj.aspx?pPogoj=saponifikacija[mrtva povezava], Medicinski e-slovar, vpogled: 19. 4. 2013.
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Saponifikacija
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