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Chloramfenikol

Chloramfenikol

Chloramfenikol (2,2-dichlór-N-[(aR,bR)-b-hydroxy-a-hydroxymetyl-4-nitrofenetyl]acetamid) je antibiotikum, ktoré bolo izolované z baktérie Streptomyces venezuelae. V súčasnosti je vyrábané synteticky. Účinkuje bakteriostaticky v štádiu množenia mikroorganizmov, zasahuje do syntézy bielkovín. Chloramfenikol je účinný proti širokému spektru mikroorganizmov, no pre jeho vážne nežiaduce účinky (napr. poškodenie kostnej drene, vyvoláva nechutenstvo, zvracanie, alergie, u detí tzv. sivý syndróm-neschopnosť detoxikácie chloramfenikolu až s možným rizikom vzniku aplastickej anémie) u ľudí, je obyčajne rezervované na liečbu vážnych a život ohrozujúcich infekcii (napr. brušný týfus, bakteriálna meningitída, čierny kašeľ). V praxi sa používa pri stanovení kvasiniek a vláknitých húb. V GKCh (glukóza + kvasničný autolyzát + chloramfenikol) kultivačnom médiu inhibuje rast baktérií.

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Chloramfenikol
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