List of Roman emperors
This is a list of the Roman emperors:
Many of them were murdered by relatives, enemies, friends, and soldiers.
| Emperor of the Romans | |
|---|---|
| Former Monarchy | |
.svg)
| |
| Cameo of an eagle, a symbol of the Roman emperors (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna) | |
| |
| First monarch | Augustus |
| Last monarch | Constantine XI Julius Nepos (western empire) |
| Style | Imperator, Augustus, Caesar, Princeps, Dominus Noster, Autokrator or Basileus (depending on period) |
| Appointer | Senate and People of Rome (The Roman army represents the people) |
| Monarchy started | 16 January 27 BC |
| Monarchy ended | May 1453 AD |
- Julio–Claudian dynasty
- Augustus
- Tiberius, married to the daughter of Augustus
- Caligula, Tiberius's grand-nephew. Death by regicide during 41 BC in his 28th year.[1]
- Claudius, Caligula's uncle. Claudius conquered Britain, making it part of the Roman Empire.
- Nero, Claudius's grand-nephew. Accused Christians of burning down Rome. First Roman Emperor to commit suicide.
- Flavian dynasty
- Nerva, friend of Nero, who had saved Nero's life.
- Trajan. Under Trajan, the Roman Empire was at its largest size ever.
- Hadrian - Hadrian built Hadrian's Wall in Britain, to prevent the Picts from invading Roman Britain. Hadrian died in 138 AD. From 138 AD until 284 AD, there were 32 more emperors.
- Antoninus Pius
- Lucius Verus
- Marcus Aurelius
- Commodus
- Pertinax
- Didius Julianus
- Severus
- Caracalla
- Geta
- Macrinus
- Diadumenian
- Elagabalus
- Severus Alexander
- Maximinus I
- Gordian I
- Gordian II
- Pupienus
- Balbinus
- Gordian III
- Philip I
- Trajan Decius
- Hostilian
- Trebonianus Gallus
- Aemilianus
- Valerian
- Gallienus
- Claudius II Gothicus
- Quintillus
- Aurelian
- Marcus Claudius Tacitus
- Florian
- Probus
- Carus
- Numerian
- Carinus
- The Dominate: Tetrarchy and Constantinian dynasty
- Diocletian in 284 AD, created the tetrarchy, abdicated.
- Maximian
- Galerius
- Constantius Chlorus
- Valerius Severus
- Constantine in 306 AD. Founded the city of Constantinople at Byzantium. Converted to Christianity.
- Maxentius
- Licinius
- Maximinus II
- Constantine II, son of Constantine
- Constantius II, son of Constantine
- Constans I, son of Constantine
- Vetranio
- Julian
- Jovian
- Valentinianic dynasty
- Valentinian I
- Valens
- Gratian
- Valentinian II
- Magnus Maximus
- Theodosian dynasty
- Theodosius I in 395 AD. He split the Roman Empire into two parts. The western part lasted until 476 AD, when it became ruled by the Germanic people. The eastern part lasted until 1453, when it became part of the Ottoman/Turkish Empire.
Note there were also numerous usurpers ("fake" emperors) including:
References
[change | change source]- ↑ Jesús David CHARRY-SÁNCHEZ, Alberto VELEZ-VAN-MEERBEKE, and Leonardo PALACIOS-SÁNCHEZ "A BRIEF HISTORICAL OVERVIEW" Caligula: a neuropsychiatric explanation of his madness Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2021 Apr; 79(4): 343–345.Published online 2021 May 8. doi: 10.1590/0004-282X-ANP-2020-0358
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