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Elektrofilna aromatična supstitucija

Izvor: Wikipedija

Elektrofilna aromatična supstitucija (EAS) je organska reakcija u kojoj se jedan atom, obično vodonik, vezan za aromatični sistem zamenjuje elektrofilom. Najvažnije reakcije ovog tipa su aromatična nitracija, aromatična halogenacija, aromatična sulfonacija, i Friedel–Kraftsove reakcije acilacije i alkilacije.[1][2]

Osnovne reakcije

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Aromatične nitracije kojima se formiraju nitro jedinjenja se odvijaju putem formiranja nitronijum jona iz azotne i sumporne kiseline.

Nitration of Benzene

Aromatična sulfonacija benzena sa dimećom sumpornom kiselinom daje benzensumpornu kiselinu.

Sulfonation of Benzene

Aromatična halogenacija benzena sa bromom, hlorom ili jodom daje aril halogenska jedinjenja. Reakcije su katalizovane odgovarajućim gvožđe trihalidom.

Halogenation of Benzene, X = Br, Cl, I

Friedel-Kraftsova reakcija postoji kao acilacija i alkilacija sa acil halidima ili alkil halidima kao reaktantima.

Friedel-Crafts Acylation with acyl chloride

Katalizator je najčešće aluminijum trihlorid, mada se skoro svaka jaka Luisova kiselina može koristiti. U Friedel-Kraftsovoj acilaciji, puna mera aluminijum trihlorida se mora koristiti, umesto katalitičke količine.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation with an alkyl chloride

Reference

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  1. Clayden Jonathan, Nick Greeves, Stuart Warren, Peter Wothers (2001). Organic chemistry. Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850346-6. 
  2. Smith, Michael B.; March, Jerry (2007). Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure (6th izd.). New York: Wiley-Interscience. ISBN 0-471-72091-7. 

Literatura

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Spoljašnje veze

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Elektrofilna aromatična supstitucija
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