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Disaharid

Izvor: Wikipedija

Saharoza, široko rasprostranjeni disaharid

Disaharid (bioza[1]) je ugljeni hidrat formiran kondenzacijom dva monosaharida. Disaharid su jedna četiri hemijske grupe ugljenih hidrata (monosaharid, disaharid, oligosaharid, i polisaharid). Poput monosaharida, disaharidi su rastvorni u vodi.[2]

Klasifikacija

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Postoje dva tipa disaharida.[3][4]

  • Redukujući disaharidi, u kojima je jedan monosaharid, redukujući šećer, slobodna hemiacetala jedinica. Celobioza i maltoza su primeri redukujućih disaharida.
  • Neredukujući disaharidi, u kojima su komponente vezane acetalnom vezom između njihovih anomernih centara i monosaharidi nemaju slobodnu hemiacetalnu formu. Saharoza i trehaloza su primeri neredukujućih disaharida.

Primeri disaharida

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Disaharid Jedinica 1 Jedinica 2 Veza
Saharoza (stoni šećer) glukoza fruktoza α(1→2)β
Laktuloza galaktoza fruktoza β(1→4)
Laktoza (mlečni šećer) galaktoza glukoza β(1→4)
Maltoza glukoza glukoza α(1→4)
Trehaloza glukoza glukoza α(1→1)α
Celobioza glukoza glukoza β(1→4)

Maltoza i celobioza su produkti hidrolize polisaharida, skroba i celuloze, respektivno.

Literatura

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Spoljašnje veze

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Disaharid
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