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Beta-ćelija

Izvor: Wikipedija

Beta ćelije (β-ćelije) je vrsta ćelija endokrinog dela pankreasa lokalizovane u Langerhansovim ostrvcima. Ove ćelije čine 65-80% ćelija Langerhansovih ostrvaca.

Funkcija

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Beta ćelije imaju fiziološku funkciju lučenja insulina, hormona koji kontroliše nivo glukoze u krvi. Osnovni nivo glukoze u krvi reguliše jetra, ali ona ne može da brzo reaguje na nagla povećanja nivoa glukoze u krvi, i zato ova povećanja reguliše otpuštanje skladištenog insulina i istovremenao njegovo povećano lučenje. Vreme odziva beta ćelija je prilično brzo, prosečno oko 10 minuta.

Osim insulina, beta ćelije luče i C-peptid, nusprodukt u proizvodnji insulina, koji se u krvotoku nalazi u ekvimolarnim količinama. C-peptida pomaže da se spreči pojava neuropatija i drugih simptoma dijabetesne vaskulopatije uzrokovane vaskularnim poremećajima u krvnim sudovima dijabetičara.[1]. Merenje nivoa C-peptida može dati lekaru podatke o stanju (količini-masi) beta ćelija.[2] Beta ćelije takođe proizvode amilin,[3] takođe poznat kao (IAPP), amiloidni polipeptid ostrvaca. Funkcija amilina kao deo endokrinog pankreasa koja pomaže u glikoregulaciji. Amilin ima ulogu u metaboličkim funkcijama kao inhibitor pojave hranljivih materija [posebno glukoze] u plazmi. Takođe on funkcioniše kao sinergetski partner insulinu. Dok insulina reguliše dugoročni unos hrane, povećana količina amilina smanjuje unos hrane u kratkom roku.

Reference

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  1. Ido Y, Vindigni A, Chang K, Stramm L, Chance R, Heath WF et al. (1997). „Prevention of vascular and neural dysfunction in diabetic rats by C-peptide.”. Science 277 (5325): 563–6. PMID 9228006. 
  2. Hoogwerf B, Goetz F (1983). „Urinary C-peptide: a simple measure of integrated insulin production with emphasis on the effects of body size, diet, and corticosteroids”. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 56 (1): 60–7. DOI:10.1210/jcem-56-1-60. PMID 6336620. 
  3. Moore C, Cooper G (1991). „Co-secretion of amylin and insulin from cultured islet beta-cells: modulation by nutrient secretagogues, islet hormones and hypoglycemic agents”. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 179 (1): 1–9. DOI:10.1016/0006-291X(91)91325-7. PMID 1679326. 

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Beta-ćelija
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