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Região neoártica

Região neoártica

Em biogeografia, denomina-se de neártico ou região neoártica à região biogeográfica que inclui a América do Norte, com ártico, com o significado de Norte, enquanto que a região neotropical compreende as Américas central (incluindo o México) e do Sul.[1][2]

Estas designações seguem a antiga denominação de "Velho Mundo" para a Eurásia e a África, com o prefixo de "velho" (paleo em grego) - região paleártica ou paleoártica e região paleotropical e de "Novo Mundo" para as Américas, com o prefixo de "novo" (neo em grego) - região neoártica, sendo estes nomes aplicados às regiões biogeográficas.[1][2]

Esta região é parte de uma região ainda maior, a do complexo Holoártico, cuja maior parte dos animais mamíferos, pertencentes à superordem Laurasiatheria, são descendentes dos da Laurásia, um antigo continente do norte do Planeta Terra que se formou após a divisão do supercontinente Pangeia entre uma metade norte (a mencionada Laurásia) e uma metade sul, a Gondwana.[3][4][5][6] O mesmo se parece verificar em relação a muitas espécies de plantas.[1]

O Reino Neoártico ou grande região Neoártica divide-se em outras regiões biogeográficas menores:[1][2][7]

  • Escudo Canadiano;
  • América do Norte Oriental;
  • América do Norte Ocidental;
  • Norte do México e América do Norte Sudoeste;
  • Bennet, K. D.; J. H. Lawton; A. Gibbs; M. H. Williamson; M. W. Holdgate; W. D. Hamilton; G. R. Conway. 1986. The Rate of Spread and Population in Increase of Forest Trees During the Postglacial [and Discussion]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 314:1167:523-531.
  • Blanchette M, Green ED, Miller W, Haussler D. (2004) Reconstructing large regions of an ancestral mammalian genome in silico. Genome Res. 2004 Dec;14(12):2412-23. ([1])
  • Good, Ronald, 1947. The Geography of Flowering Plants. Longmans, Green and Co, Nova Iorque
  • Kriegs, Jan Ole, Gennady Churakov, Martin Kiefmann, Ursula Jordan, Juergen Brosius, Juergen Schmitz. (2006) Retroposed Elements as Archives for the Evolutionary History of Placental Mammals. PLoS Biol 4(4): e91.[2] (pdf version)
  • Ma J, Zhang L, Suh BB, Raney BJ, Burhans RC, Kent WJ, Blanchette M, Haussler D, Miller W. (2006) Reconstructing contiguous regions of an ancestral genome. Genome Res. 2006 Dec;16(12):1557-65. Epub 2006 Sep 18.([3])
  • Morrone, J.J. 2002. Biogeographic regions under track and cladistic scrutiny. J. Biogeogr. 29: 149-152.
  • Rodriguez, J;J. Hortal.;M. Nieto. 2006. An evaluation of the influence of environment and biogeography on community structure: the case of Holarctic mammals. Journal of Biogeography Vol. 33:2:291-303.
  • Schultz, J. 2007. The Ecozones of the World. Traducido al inglés por B. Ahnert. Segunda Edición. Springer, Verlag, Netherlands.
  • Taberlet, P.; R. Cheddadi 2002. Quaternary Refugia and Persistence of Biodiversity (in Science's Compass; Perspectives). Science, New Series 297:5589:2009-2010.
  • Takhtajan, Armen, 1986. Floristic Regions of the World. (traduzido por T.J. Crovello & A. Cronquist). University of California Press, Berkeley.
  • Udvardy, M. D. F. (1975). A classification of the biogeographical provinces of the world. IUCN Occasional Paper no. 18. Morges, Switzerland: IUCN.
  • Waddell PJ, Kishino H, Ota R (2001) A phylogenetic foundation for comparative mammalian genomics. Genome Inform Ser Workshop Genome Inform 12: 141–154.
  • Waddell, P.J., Okada, N., & Hasegawa, M. (1999) Towards resolving the interordinal relationships of placental mammals. Systematic Biology 48(1):1-5 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
  • William J. Murphy, Eduardo Eizirik, Mark S. Springer et al., Resolution of the Early Placental Mammal Radiation Using Bayesian Phylogenetics,Science, Vol 294, Issue 5550, 2348-2351 , 14 December 2001.
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  1. a b c d Schultz, J. 2007. The Ecozones of the World. Traducido al inglés por B. Ahnert. Segunda Edición. Springer, Verlag, Netherlands.
  2. a b c Udvardy, M. D. F. (1975). A classification of the biogeographical provinces of the world. IUCN Occasional Paper no. 18. Morges, Switzerland: IUCN.
  3. Waddell PJ, Kishino H, Ota R (2001) A phylogenetic foundation for comparative mammalian genomics. Genome Inform Ser Workshop Genome Inform 12: 141–154.
  4. Kriegs, Jan Ole, Gennady Churakov, Martin Kiefmann, Ursula Jordan, Juergen Brosius, Juergen Schmitz. (2006) Retroposed Elements as Archives for the Evolutionary History of Placental Mammals. PLoS Biol 4(4): e91.[4] (pdf version)
  5. Waddell, P.J., Okada, N., & Hasegawa, M. (1999) Towards resolving the interordinal relationships of placental mammals. Systematic Biology 48(1):1-5 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
  6. William J. Murphy, Eduardo Eizirik, Mark S. Springer et al., Resolution of the Early Placental Mammal Radiation Using Bayesian Phylogenetics,Science, Vol 294, Issue 5550, 2348-2351 , 14 December 2001.
  7. Takhtajan, Armen, 1986. Floristic Regions of the World. (traduzido por T.J. Crovello & A. Cronquist). University of California Press, Berkeley.
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Região neoártica
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