Crimes de guerra da Wehrmacht
Durante a II Guerra Mundial, as forças armadas alemãs (Heer, Kriegsmarine e Luftwaffe) cometeram crimes de guerra sistematicamente, incluindo assassinato, estupro em massa, saques, exploração de trabalho forçado, assassinato de três milhões de prisioneiros de guerra Soviéticos [en] e também participaram do extermínio dos judeus. A SS do Partido Nazista (em particular SS-Totenkopfverbände, Einsatzgruppen e Waffen-SS) da Alemanha Nazista foi a principal organização responsável pelo genocídio do Holocausto. Mas as forças armadas regulares da Wehrmacht também cometeram muitos crimes de guerra elas próprias (bem como deram assistência à SS), particularmente na Frente Oriental na guerra contra a União Soviética. De acordo com um estudo realizado por Alex J. Kay e David Stahel, a maioria dos soldados da Wehrmacht enviados para a União Soviética participou de crimes de guerra.[3]
Ver também
[editar | editar código-fonte]Referências
[editar | editar código-fonte]- ↑ Kehila Kedosha Janina Synagogue and Museum. «The Holocaust in Ioannina». Consultado em 5 de janeiro de 2009. Arquivado do original em 8 de dezembro de 2008
- ↑ Raptis, Alekos; Tzallas, Thumios (28 de julho de 2005). «Deportation of Jews of Ioannina» (PDF). Kedosha Janina Synagogue and Museum. Consultado em 5 de janeiro de 2009. Arquivado do original (PDF) em 26 de fevereiro de 2009
- ↑ Kay, Alex J., and David Stahel. "Reconceiving Criminality in the German Army on the Eastern Front, 1941–1942." Mass Violence in Nazi-Occupied Europe, edited by Alex J. Kay and David Stahel, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana, USA, 2018, pp. 182–186.
Bibliografia
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- Bartov, Omer (2001). The Eastern Front, 1941–45 : German Troops and the Barbarisation of Warfare 2nd ed. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-94944-3
- Bartov, Omer (2004). «Celluloid Soldiers: Cinematic Images of the Wehrmacht (pages 130–143)». In: Ljubica & Mark Erickson. Russia War, Peace and Diplomacy. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-84913-1
- Beck, Birgit (2002). «Vergewaltigungen. Sexualdelikte von Soldaten vor Militärgerichten der deutschen Wehrmacht, 1939–1944». In: Karen Hagemann/Stefanie Schüler-Springorum (Hrsg.). Heimat-Front. Militär und Geschlechterverhältnisse im Zeitalter der Weltkriege. Frankfurt: Campus. ISBN 978-3-593-36837-5
- Böhler, Jochen (2006). Auftakt zum Vernichtungskrieg: Die Wehrmacht in Polen 1939 [Prelude to a War of Extermination: The Wehrmacht in Poland, 1939] (em alemão). Frankfurt: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag. ISBN 978-3-596-16307-6
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- Förster, Jürgen (1998). «Complicity or Entanglement? The Wehrmacht, the War and the Holocaust (pages 266–283)». In: Michael Berenbaum & Abraham Peck. The Holocaust and History The Known, the Unknown, the Disputed and the Reexamiend. Bloomington: Indian University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-33374-2
- Förster, Jürgen (2004). «The German Military's Image of Russia (pages 117–129)». In: Ljubica & Mark Erickson. Russia War, Peace and Diplomacy. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-84913-1
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- Ferguson, Niall (2004). «Prisoner Taking and Prisoner Killing in the Age of Total War: Towards a Political Economy of Military Defeat». War in History. 11 (2): 148–192. doi:10.1191/0968344504wh291oa
- Heer, Hannes; Klaus Naumann, eds. (1995). Vernichtungskrieg: Verbrechen der Wehrmacht 1941–1944 (War of Annihilation: Crimes of the Wehrmacht). Hamburg: Hamburger Edition HIS Verlag. ISBN 978-3-930908-04-2
- Heer, Hannes; Manoschek, Walter; Pollak, Alexander; Wodak, Ruth (2008). The Discursive Construction of History: Remembering the Wehrmacht's War of Annihilation. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9780230013230
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- Hellwinkel, Lars (2014). Hitler's Gateway to the Atlantic: German Naval Bases in France 1940-1945. Barnsley, United Kingdom: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 9781848321991
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- USHMM (2009). Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945 (em inglês). 1. [S.l.]: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. ISBN 978-0-253-35328-3
- Wheeler-Bennett, Sir John (2005). The Nemesis of Power: German Army in Politics, 1918–1945 2nd ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-4039-1812-3
- Wildermuth, David W. (outubro de 2019). «"I am fully aware of my guilt...": Insights from a Soviet Military Tribunal's Investigation of the German Army's 35th Division, 1946-47». The Journal of Military History. 83 (4): 1189–1213
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