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Eudyptes

Eudyptes
Nordlig klippehopperpingvin (Foto: Ben Tubby)
Nomenklatur
Eudyptes
Vieillot, 1816
Populærnavn
topp pingviner
Klassifikasjon
RikeDyreriket
RekkeRyggstrengdyr
KlasseFugler
OrdenPingviner
FamiliePingvinfamilien
Økologi
Antall arter: 7 (8)
Habitat: marin og terrestrisk
Utbredelse: den sørlige halvkule
Inndelt i

Eudyptes (toppingviner) er en slekt med mellomstore pingviner (Sphenisciformes) som består av sju nålevende arter, alle med karakteristiske hodefjær i sterke farger som pryder toppen av hodet.

Pingvinenens felles stamfar levde trolig for omkring 41–39 millioner år siden.[1] Slekten Eudyptes splittet fra Megadyptes for omkring 15 millioner år siden.[2]

Det finnes fortsatt noen som ikke anerkjenner nordlig klippehopperpingvin (Eudyptes moseleyi) som en egen art. Den er nært beslektet med sørlig klippehopperpingvin (Eudyptes chrysocome), men ble foreslått separert fra denne i 2006.[3] Den har siden blitt gradvis mer akseptert som en egen art blant forskere, herunder også av WoRMS[4] og BirdLife International.[5] Ny forskning antyder dessuten nå (2011) at også sørlig klippehopperpingvin og østlig klippehopperpingvin er så forskjellige at de bør separeres som distinkte arter.[6]

Referanser

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  1. ^ C Michael Hogan (Lead Author);Peter Saundry (Topic Editor) Chinstrap penguin. In: Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment). [First published in the Encyclopedia of Earth July 27, 2010; Last revised Date October 29, 2011. Besøkt 2012-07-19
  2. ^ A.J.Baker, S.L.Pereira, O.P.Haddrath and K.A.Edge. 2006. Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling. Proc Biol Sci. vol. 273, issue 1582, pp. 11–17
  3. ^ Jouventin, P.; Cuthbert, R.J.; Ottvall, R. 2006. Genetic isolation and divergence in sexual traits: evidence for the Northern Rockhopper Penguin Eudyptes moseleyi being a sibling species. Molecular Ecology 15(11): 3413-3423.
  4. ^ WoRMS (2012). Spheniscidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=196034 on 2012-07-09
  5. ^ BirdLife International 2012. Eudyptes moseleyi. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1.
  6. ^ Ksepka, D. T. and Ando, T. (2011) Penguins Past, Present, and Future: Trends in the Evolution of the Sphenisciformes, in Living Dinosaurs: The Evolutionary History of Modern Birds (eds G. Dyke and G. Kaiser), John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK. doi: 10.1002/9781119990475.ch6
  7. ^ a b Tasker, M. (2010). Eudyptes moseleyi. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=405087 on 2012-07-09

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Eudyptes
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