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Paradigme

Paradigme (gresk παράδειγμα, paradeigma) betyr forbilde, mønster, mønstergyldig eksempel.

Paradigme blir brukt som betegnelse på særlige regler innenfor vitenskapelige disipliner. Den amerikanske vitenskapshistorikeren Thomas Kuhn definerte «paradigme» som de felles, i vid utstrekning uskrevne spilleregler, som samler et forskerkollektiv omkring en bestemt problemløsende, vitenskapelig praksis. Kuhn beskriver den vitenskapelige utviklingen som bestående av ulike faser som leder frem til en brytning mellom etablerte og nye paradigmer, som igjen ender i et paradigmeskifte; en aksept av det nye paradigmet.

Filosofen Michel Foucault brukte begrepene episteme og diskurs i en lignende betydning som paradigme forklart her.

Litteratur

  • Poul Lübke (red.), Politikens filosofileksikon, Politikens Forlag AS, København 1983
  • T. S. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Univ. of Chicago Pr., Chicago 1962
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Paradigme
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