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Lord Warden of the Marches

Lochmaben-steinen, et felles møtested for fresavtaler ved grensen.

Lord Warden of the Marches var et embete i England i middelalderen og tudortiden. Embetsinnehaveren var ansvarlig for sikkerheten langs grensen til Skottland. Marches er et gammel ord for «grense» som ble brukt både om den skotske og den walisiske grensen.[1] Et tilsvarende begrep finnes på norsk i mark (norrønt: mǫrk) som grenseland eller grensemark[2] – se markgrevskap (jf. Finnmark; Danmark)

Etter at Skottland og England gikk inn i en personalunion i 1603 var embetet ikke lenger nødvendig og ble avskaffet.[trenger referanse]

For England

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Warden of the Marches

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  • Robert de Clifford (1297–)
  • John de Warenne, 7. jarl av Surrey (1327–
  • Henry de Percy, 2. baron Percy (1328–)
  • Ralph Neville, 2. baron Neville de Raby og Henry de Percy, 2. varon Percy (1334–) (sammen)
  • Gilbert Welton og Thomas Lucy (1336–) (sammen)
  • Henry de Percy, 3. baron Percy (1352–)
  • Henry de Percy, 3. baron Percy (1356–)
  • Henry Percy, 1. jarl av Northumberland (1368–)
  • Thomas Appleby, Roger de Clifford og andre (1370–) (sammen)

Lord Warden of the Marches

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For Skottland

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Lord Warden-general of all the March

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  • William Douglas, 1. jarl av Douglas (1356–)
  • John Stewart, lord av Kyle
  • Patrick V, jarl av March
  • Archibald Douglas, 3. jarl av Douglas (1364–1400)
  • Archibald Douglas, 4. jarl av Douglas (1400–)
  • William Douglas, 8. jarl av Douglas (1450–) drept i 1452
  • Adam Hepburn, 2. jarl av Bothwell (1514–)
  • Antoine d'Arces, Sieur de la Bastie (1516–) drept i 1517
  • Archibald Douglas, 8. jarl av Angus (1574–)
  • William Ruthven, 1. jarl av Gowrie ( 1578)
  • James Stewart, jarl av Arran (1584–)
  • Alexander Home, 6. lord Home (1603)

Referanser

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  1. ^ «march (n.2)», Online Etymology Dictionary
  2. ^ «mark», Bokmålsordboka

Litteratur

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  • Reid, Rachael Robertson (1917): «The office of warden of the marches its origin and early history» i: English Historical Review 32, s. 479–496. doi:10.1093/ehr/xxxii.cxxviii.479. JSTOR 550854.
  • Howard, Pease (1912): The lord wardens of the marches of England and Scotland: being a brief history of the marches, the laws of march, and the marchmen, together with some account of the ancient feud between England and Scotland. London: Constable. s. 194–201.
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Lord Warden of the Marches
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