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Leirmineral

Leirmineral tilhører en gruppe av mineraler som kalles sjiktsilikat. På grunn av sine fysikalske og kjemiske egenskaper forekommer leirmineralene oftest i kornfraksjonen <0,002mm i naturen. Jord som er rik på leirmineraler, kalles leire.

Krystallstruktur

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Leirmineralene klassifiseres etter deres krystallografi. Strukturen varierer med typer av enten oktaederlag eller tetraederlag, som er bundet sammen elektrostatisk. Mellom lagene ligger ofte store ioner som f.eks. kalium som også bidrar til å binde lagene sammen. Strukturen kan i tillegg bestå av hydroksyloktaedre. Den krystallografiske sammensetningen analyseres ved XRD som bestemmer tykkelsen på hvert lag; vanligvis 7Å, 10Å eller 14Å.

Litteratur

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  • G. W. Brindley & G. Brown: Crystal Srtucture of Clay Minerals and their X-Ray Identification. Mineral Society London. 1980.
  • A. C. D. Newman: Chemistry of Clays and Clay Minerals. Mineral Society London. 1987.
  • B. Velde: Origin and Mineralogy of Clays. Springer Verlag. Berlin Heidenberg. 1995.
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Leirmineral
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