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Tiga Belas Jajahan

Peta koloni-koloni yang ada di benua Amerika Utara pada 1763-76

Tiga belas koloni atau jajahan merupakan sebahagian daripada Amerika British, nama yang digunakan oleh Great Britain untuk tiga belas negeri asal Amerika Syarikat sehinggalah Perjanjian Paris pada tahun 1783 yang memperakui kemerdekaan Amerika Syarikat. Jajahan British di Amerika Utara ini memberontak ke atas pemerintahan British pada tahun 1775 kerana cukai yang dikenakan Great Britain ke atas jajahan. Kerajaan sementara ditubuhkan dan perisytiharan kemerdekaan dibuat pada tahun 1776 yang kini diraikan setiap 4 Julai.

Koloni-koloni Britain di Amerika Utara pada sekitar tahun 1750. 1: Newfoundland; 2: Nova Scotia; 3: Tiga Belas Koloni; 4: Bermuda; 5: Bahamas; 6: British Honduras; 7: Jamaica; 8: Lesser Antilles
Pada tahun 1775, Britain menuntut kekuasaan ke atas kawasan-kawasan berwarna merah dan merah jambu manakala Sepanyol memerintah di kawasan berwarna oren. Kawasan berwarna merah adalah "Tiga Belas Koloni" yang dibuka untuk penempatan selepas Penisytiharan 1763

Dokumen-dokumen pada zaman itu biasanya menyenaraikan tiga belas koloni British Amerika Utara mengikut turutan geografi, bermula dari utara ke selatan.

Peta Amerika Syarikat pada masa ini dengan menunjukan wilayah pengganti langsung kepada "Tiga Belas Koloni" asal yang telah mengisytiharkan kemerdekaan daripada Great Britain pada tahun 1776. Negeri-negeri pengganti tidak langsung iaitu (Maine, Virginia Barat), Daerah Columbia dan negeri-negeri yang menyertai kesatuan selepas Perang Revolusi Amerika tidak dimasukkan.
  1. ^ The present State of Vermont was disputed between the colonies of New York and New Hampshire. From 1777 to 1791, it existed as the de facto independent Vermont Republic.

Bacaan lanjut

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  • Adams, James Truslow (1922). The Founding of New England. Atlantic Monthly Press; full text online.
  • Adams, James Truslow. Revolutionary New England, 1691–1776 (1923)
  • Andrews, Charles M. The Colonial Period of American History (4 vol. 1934–38), the standard political overview to 1700
  • Carr, J. Revell (2008). Seeds of Discontent: The Deep Roots of the American Revolution, 1650–1750. Walker Books.
  • Chitwood, Oliver. A history of colonial America (1961), older textbook
  • Cooke, Jacob Ernest et al., ed. Encyclopedia of the North American Colonies. (3 vol. 1993); 2397 pp.; comprehensive coverage; compares British, French, Spanish & Dutch colonies
  • Elliott, John (2006). Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain in America 1492–1830. Yale University Press.
  • Foster, Stephen, ed. British North America in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (2014) doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199206124.001.0001
  • Gipson, Lawrence. The British Empire Before the American Revolution (15 volumes, 1936–1970), Pulitzer Prize; highly detailed discussion of every British colony in the New World
  • Greene, Evarts Boutelle et al., American Population before the Federal Census of 1790, 1993, ISBN 0-8063-1377-3
  • Greene, Evarts Boutell (1905). Provincial America, 1690–1740. Harper & brothers; full text online.
  • Hawke, David F.; The Colonial Experience; 1966, ISBN 0-02-351830-8. older textbook
  • Hawke, David F. Everyday Life in Early America (1989) excerpt and text search
  • Middlekauff, Robert (2005). The Glorious Cause: the American Revolution, 1763–1789. Oxford University Press.
  • Middleton, Richard, and Anne Lombard. Colonial America: A History to 1763 (4th ed. 2011), the newest textbook excerpt and text search
  • Taylor, Alan. American colonies (2002), 526 pages; recent survey by leading scholar
  • Vickers, Daniel, ed. A Companion to Colonial America. (Blackwell, 2003) 576 pp.; topical essays by experts excerpt
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Tiga Belas Jajahan
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