For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for Pemisahan di antara agama dan negara.

Pemisahan di antara agama dan negara

Pemelukan agama Constantine, memaparkan pemelukan agama Kristian oleh Maharaja Constantine Agung, oleh Peter Paul Rubens.

Pemisahan di antara agama dan negara merupakan doktrin politik dan perundangan bahawa institusi kerajaan dan agama hendaklah dipisahkan dan bebas daripada pengaruh masing-masing.[1] Istilah ini selalu digunakan untuk merujuk kepada gabungan dua prinsip: kesekularan kerajaan dan kebebasan mengamalkan agama.[2]

Frasa pemisahan di antara gereja dan negara secara umum mula digunakan dalam surat yang ditulis oleh Thomas Jefferson pada tahun 1802 kepada penganut baptis Danburry, di mana beliau merujuk kepada Pindaan Pertama Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat yang mewujudkan "dinding pemisah" di antara gereja dan negara.[3] Frasa ini disebut dalam Mahkamah Agung Amerika Syarikat pertama kali pada tahun 1878,[4] dan dalam beberapa siri kes bermula pada tahun 1948.[5] Ini membawa kepada kepopularan dan diskusi politik tentang konsepnya.

Konsep ini diambil oleh banyak negara dalam bentuk yang pelbagai daripada struktur perundangan yang dipakai kepada pandangan tentang tugas agama dalam masyarakat. Prinsip yang sama seperti laïcité juga diguna pakai di Perancis dan Turki sementara beberapa negara sekular seperti Norway masih mengekalkan agama rasmi dalam perlembagaan. Konsep ini selari dengan idea-idea sosial dan politik lain termasuk sekularisme, kebebasan beragama dan pluralisme agama.

Nota kaki

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  1. ^ "The Civics Glossary". historycentral.com. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2007-10-02. Dicapai pada 2007-12-29.
  2. ^ Chan, Shun-hing and Beatrice Leung (2003). Changing Church and State Relations in Hong Kong, 1950-2000. Hong Kong University Press, ms 12. ISBN 9622096123. "These oft-quoted clauses of Jefferson's theory of a 'wall of separation' reflect two significant foundations of Church-State relations in the US. Firstly, the separation of Church and State stands as a constitutional principle that promotes democracy and protects the religious freedom of all Americans equally. Secondly, this principle emerges as a unique American contribution to political theory (Feldman 1997, 4)."
  3. ^ (January 1, 1802). "Jefferson's Letter to the Danbury Baptists; The Final Letter, as Sent". Dicapai pada 2008-10-21.
  4. ^ Templat:If all, 98 U.S. 145 U.S. (U.S. Supreme Court 1878).
  5. ^ Templat:If all, 333 U.S. 203 U.S. (U.S. Supreme Court 1948).

Bacaan lanjut

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  • Feldman, Noah. "Religion and the Earthly City", Social Research, Winter 2009, Vol. 76 Issue 4, pp. 989–1000
  • Tomas Jeffersons Journal
  • Kuznicki, Jason (2008). "Separation of Church and State". Dalam Hamowy, Ronald (penyunting). The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE; Cato Institute. m/s. 458–60. doi:10.4135/9781412965811.n280. ISBN 978-1-4129-6580-4. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024.
  • Taylor, Charles. "The Polysemy of the Secular", Social Research, Winter 2009, Vol. 76 Issue 4, pp. 1143–66
  • Temple, William, Abp. Christianity and the State. London: Macmillan and Co., 1928.
  • Whitman, James Q. "Separating Church and State: The Atlantic Divide", Historical Reflections, Winter 2008, Vol. 34 Issue 3, pp. 86–104
  • McGowan, Barry, "How to Separate Church & State: A Manual from the Trenches", Hufton Mueller, LLC. (June 2012). ISBN 978-0-615-63802-7
  • Stone, Geoffrey R., "The World of the Framers: A Christian Nation?", UCLA Law Review, 56 (October 2008), 1–26.
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
Pemisahan di antara agama dan negara
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?