Konsonan bibir
| Daerah artikulasi |
|---|
• Bibir |
| Dwibibir |
| Bibir-velar |
| Bibir-gusi |
| Bibir-gigi |
• Dwigigi |
• Koronal |
| Lidah-bibir |
| Antargigi |
| Gigi |
| Gigi-gusi |
| Gusi |
| Hujung lidah |
| Laminal |
| Belakang gusi |
| Gusi-lelangit |
| Gelungan |
• Dorsal |
| Lelangit |
| Labial-palatal |
| Velar |
| Uvular |
| Uvular-epiglotis |
• Radikal |
| Farinks |
| Epiglotis-farinks |
| Epiglotis |
• Glotis |
Laman ini mengandungi maklumat fonetik dalam IPA yang mungkin tidak dapat dipaparkan dengan betul dalam sesetengah pelayar web. [Bantuan] |
Konsonan bibir adalah konsonan dimana satu atau kedua-dua bibir adalah pengartikulat aktif. This precludes linguolabials, dimana the tip of lidah reaches for the posterior side of the upper lip and which are considered coronals. Dua konsonan bibir terkenal ialah dwibibir, diartikulasi dengan kedua-dua bibir, dan bibir-gusi, diartikulasi oleh bibir bawah against the gigi atas, kedua-duanya ada dalam Bahasa Inggeris. Konsonan bibir lain termasuk bibir-gigi, diartikulast dengan bibir bawah against the gigi bawah, bibir-gusi secara terbalik.
The most common distribution between dwibibir and labiodentals is the bahasa Inggeris one, in which the stops, [m], [p], and [b], adalah konsonan bibir dan konsonan geseran, [f], and [v], adalah bibir-gigi. Bilabial fricatives and the bilabial approximant do not exist in English, but do occur in many languages. Contohnya, konsonan bahasa Sepanyol yang dieja b atau v dilafazka malaran bibir bersuara diantara vokal.
Lip rounding, or labialization, is a common approximant-like co-articulatory feature. English /w/ is a Malaran bibir-velar bersuara, which is far more common than the purely Malaran bibir. In the languages of the Caucasus labialized dorsals like /kʷ/ and /qʷ/ are very common.
Very few languages, however, make a distinction purely between bilabials and labiodentals, making "labial" usually a sufficient specification of a language's phonemes. One language that does make such a distinction is Bahasa Ewe, having both kinds of fricatives, though the labiodentals are produced with greater articulatory force.
Lack of labials
[sunting | sunting sumber]While most languages make use of purely labial phonemes, a few generally lack them. Examples are Bahasa Tlingit, Bahasa Eyak (kedua-dua Na-Dené), Bahasa Wichita (Caddoan), and the Iroquoian languages except Cherokee. All of these languages have seen labials introduced under the influence of English.
Lihat juga
[sunting | sunting sumber]- List of phonetics topics
Rujukan am
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Ladefoged, Peter (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19814-8. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (bantuan)
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
