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ഹൈഡ്രോക്സി കാർബാമൈഡ്

ഹൈഡ്രോക്സി കാർബാമൈഡ്
Structural formula
Clinical data
Trade namesDroxia, Hydrea, others
Other namesഫലകം:Infobox drug/localINNvariants
AHFS/Drugs.comInternational Drug Names
MedlinePlusa682004
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: D
Routes of
administration		by mouth
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
  • CA: ℞-only
  • UK: POM (Prescription only)
  • US: WARNING[1]Rx-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Metabolismliver (to CO2 and urea)
Elimination half-life2–4 hours
ExcretionRenal and lungs
Identifiers
IUPAC name
  • Hydroxyurea
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
NIAID ChemDB
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.004.384 വിക്കിഡാറ്റയിൽ തിരുത്തുക
Chemical and physical data
FormulaCH4N2O2
Molar mass76.0547 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)
Melting point133 to 136 °C (271 to 277 °F)
SMILES
  • O=C(N)NO
  • InChI=1S/CH4N2O2/c2-1(4)3-5/h5H,(H3,2,3,4) checkY
  • Key:VSNHCAURESNICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

അരിവാൾ കോശ വിളർച്ച, ക്രോണിക് മൈലോജീനസ് ലുക്കീമിയ, ഗർഭാശയ ക്യാൻസർ, പോളിസിത്തീമിയ വെറ എന്നിവയ്ക്കതിരെ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്ന ഒരു മരുന്നാണ് 'ഹൈഡ്രോക്സി യൂറിയ എന്നും അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന ഹൈഡ്രോക്സി കാർബാമൈഡ്. [2][3]സിക്കിൾ സെൽ ഡിസീസിൽ ഹീമോഗ്ലോബിൻ വർദ്ധിപ്പിക്കുകയും സെൽ ആക്രമണങ്ങളുടെ എണ്ണം കുറയ്ക്കുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു.

അവലംബം

[തിരുത്തുക]
  1. ↑ "FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 Oct 2023.
  2. ↑ "ASHP Practitioner Recognition Program—2016 Fellows of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists". American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 73 (13): 1010–1010. 2016-07-01. doi:10.2146/sp160001. ISSN 1079-2082.
  3. ↑ "Hydrea 500 mg Hard Capsules – Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) – (eMC)". www.medicines.org.uk. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
Intracellular chemotherapeutic agents / antineoplastic agents (L01)
SPs/MIs
(M phase)
Block microtubule assembly
  • Vinca alkaloids (Vinblastine#
  • Vincristine#
  • Vinflunine§
  • Vindesine
  • Vinorelbine#)
Block microtubule disassembly
  • Taxanes (Cabazitaxel
  • Docetaxel#
  • Larotaxel
  • Ortataxel†
  • Paclitaxel#
  • Tesetaxel)
  • Epothilones (Ixabepilone)
DNA replication
inhibitor
DNA precursors/
antimetabolites
(S phase)
Folic acid
  • Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor (Aminopterin
  • Methotrexate#
  • Pemetrexed
  • Pralatrexate)
  • Thymidylate synthase inhibitor (Raltitrexed
  • Pemetrexed)
Purine
  • Adenosine deaminase inhibitor (Pentostatin)
  • Halogenated/ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors (Cladribine
  • Clofarabine
  • Fludarabine)
  • Nelarabine
  • Thiopurine (Tioguanine#
  • Mercaptopurine#)
Pyrimidine
  • Thymidylate synthase inhibitor (Fluorouracil#
  • Capecitabine#
  • Doxifluridine
  • Tegafur (+gimeracil/oteracil)
  • Carmofur
  • Floxuridine)
  • DNA polymerase inhibitor (Cytarabine#)
  • Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor (Gemcitabine#)
  • Hypomethylating agent (Azacitidine
  • Decitabine)
Deoxyribonucleotide
Topoisomerase inhibitors
(S phase)
I
  • Camptotheca (Camptothecin
  • Cositecan†
  • Belotecan
  • Gimatecan
  • Exatecan
  • Irinotecan#
  • Lurtotecan‡
  • Silatecan§
  • Topotecan
  • Rubitecan‡)
II
  • Podophyllum (Etoposide#
  • Teniposide)
II+Intercalation
  • Anthracyclines (Aclarubicin
  • Daunorubicin#
  • Doxorubicin#
  • Epirubicin
  • Idarubicin
  • Amrubicin†
  • Pirarubicin
  • Valrubicin
  • Zorubicin)
  • Anthracenediones (Mitoxantrone
  • Pixantrone)
Crosslinking of DNA
(CCNS)
Alkylating
  • Nitrogen mustards: Chlormethine
  • Cyclophosphamide# (Ifosfamide#
  • Trofosfamide)
  • Chlorambucil# (Melphalan
  • Prednimustine)
  • Bendamustine#
  • Uramustine
  • Nitrosoureas: Carmustine
  • Lomustine (Semustine)
  • Fotemustine
  • Nimustine
  • Ranimustine
  • Streptozocin
  • Alkyl sulfonates: Busulfan (Mannosulfan
  • Treosulfan)
  • Aziridines: Carboquone
  • Thiotepa
  • Triaziquone
  • Triethylenemelamine
Platinum-based
  • Carboplatin#
  • Cisplatin#
  • Dicycloplatin
  • Nedaplatin
  • Oxaliplatin#
  • Satraplatin
Nonclassical
  • Hydrazines (Procarbazine#)
  • Triazenes (Dacarbazine#
  • Temozolomide)
  • Altretamine
  • Mitobronitol
  • Pipobroman
Intercalation
  • Streptomyces (Actinomycin#
  • Bleomycin#
  • Mitomycins
  • Plicamycin)
Photosensitizers/PDT
  • Aminolevulinic acid / Methyl aminolevulinate
  • Efaproxiral
  • Porphyrin derivatives (Porfimer sodium
  • Talaporfin
  • Temoporfin
  • Verteporfin)
Other
Enzyme inhibitors
  • FI (Tipifarnib§)
  • CDK inhibitors (Abemaciclib
  • Alvocidib†
  • Palbociclib
  • Ribociclib
  • Seliciclib†)
  • PrI
    • Bortezomib
    • Carfilzomib
    • Ixazomib
  • PhI (Anagrelide)
  • IMPDI (Tiazofurin§)
  • LI (Masoprocol)
  • PARP inhibitor (Niraparib
  • Olaparib
  • Rucaparib)
  • HDAC (Belinostat
  • Panobinostat
  • Romidepsin
  • Vorinostat)
  • PIKI (Idelalisib)
Receptor antagonists
  • ERA (Atrasentan)
  • Retinoid X receptor (Bexarotene)
  • Sex steroid (Testolactone)
Other/ungrouped
  • Amsacrine
  • Trabectedin
  • Retinoids (Alitretinoin
  • Tretinoin#)
  • Arsenic trioxide
  • Asparagine depleters (Asparaginase#/Pegaspargase)
  • Celecoxib
  • Demecolcine
  • Elesclomol§
  • Elsamitrucin
  • Estramustine phosphate
  • Etoglucid
  • Lonidamine
  • Lucanthone
  • Mitoguazone
  • Mitotane
  • Oblimersen†
  • Omacetaxine mepesuccinate
  • Eribulin
  • #WHO-EM
  • ‡Withdrawn from market
  • Clinical trials:
    • †Phase III
    • §Never to phase III
Antiviral drugs: antiretroviral drugs used against HIV (primarily J05)
Entry/fusion inhibitors
(Discovery and development)
  • gp41 (Enfuvirtide (ENF, T-20))
  • CCR5 (Maraviroc (MVC)
  • Vicriviroc†, Cenicriviroc†, PRO 140†)
  • CD4 (Ibalizumab†)
  • gp120 (Fostemsavir†)
Reverse-transcriptase
inhibitors (RTIs)
Nucleoside and
nucleotide (NRTI)
  • Nucleoside analogues/NRTIs: Abacavir (ABC)°#
  • Didanosine (ddI)
  • Emtricitabine (FTC)°
  • Lamivudine (3TC)°#
  • Stavudine (d4T)#
  • Zidovudine (AZT, ZDV)#
  • Amdoxovir†
  • Apricitabine†
  • Censavudine†
  • Elvucitabine†
  • Racivir†
  • Stampidine†
  • 4′-Ethynyl-2-fluoro-2′-deoxyadenosine(EFdA)§
  • Zalcitabine (ddC)◊
  • Nucleotide analogues/NtRTIs: Tenofovir disoproxil (TDF)°#
  • Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)
Non-nucleoside (NNRTI)
(Discovery and development)
1st generation
  • Efavirenz (EFV)°#
  • Nevirapine (NVP)#
  • Delavirdine (DLV)◊
2nd generation
  • diarylpyrimidines
    • Etravirine (ETR)
    • Rilpivirine (RPV)°
  • Doravirine°
Integrase inhibitors
(Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI))
  • Dolutegravir (DTG)°
  • Elvitegravir (EVG)°
  • Raltegravir (RAL)°
  • BI 224436†
  • Cabotegravir†
  • Bictegravir (BIC)†
  • MK-2048†
Maturation inhibitors
  • Bevirimat†
  • BMS-955176§
Protease Inhibitors (PI)
(Discovery and development)
1st generation
  • Amprenavir (APV)◊
  • Fosamprenavir (FPV)
  • Indinavir (IDV)◊
  • Lopinavir (LPV)
  • Nelfinavir (NFV)
  • Ritonavir (RTV)#
  • Saquinavir (SQV)#
2nd generation
  • Atazanavir (ATV)°#
  • Darunavir (DRV)°#
  • Tipranavir (TPV)
Combined formulations
  • Abacavir/lamivudine°#
  • Abacavir/dolutegravir/lamivudine°
  • Abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine
  • Atazanavir/cobicistat
  • Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide
  • Darunavir/cobicistat
  • Doravirine/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil
  • Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir°#
  • Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide
  • Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir°
  • Emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide
  • Emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir alafenamide
  • Emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir°
  • Emtricitabine/tenofovir°#
  • Lamivudine/raltegravir
  • Lamivudine/zidovudine#
  • Lopinavir/ritonavir°#
Pharmacokinetic boosters
  • Cobicistat (c)
  • Ritonavir (r)#
Experimental agents
Uncoating inhibitors
  • TRIM5alpha (gene)
Transcription inhibitors
  • Tat antagonists
Translation inhibitors
  • Trichosanthin
Other
  • Abzyme
  • BIT225†
  • Calanolide A
  • Ceragenin
  • Cyanovirin-N
  • Diarylpyrimidines
  • Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
  • Foscarnet
  • Fosdevirine†
  • Griffithsin
  • Hydroxycarbamide
  • KP-1461†
  • Miltefosine
  • Portmanteau inhibitors
  • Scytovirin
  • Seliciclib†
  • Synergistic enhancers
  • Tre recombinase
  • Zinc finger protein transcription factor
Failed agents
  • Aplaviroc
  • Atevirdine
  • Brecanavir
  • Capravirine
  • Dexelvucitabine
  • Droxinavir
  • Lasinavir
  • Emivirine
  • Lersivirine
  • Lodenosine
  • Loviride
  • Mozenavir
  • Palinavir
  • Telinavir
  • #WHO-EM
  • ‡Withdrawn from market
  • Clinical trials:
    • †Phase III
    • §Never to phase III
°DHHS recommended initial regimen options. ◊Formerly or rarely used agent.
വർഗ്ഗങ്ങൾ
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ഹൈഡ്രോക്സി കാർബാമൈഡ്
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