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Nukleobazė

Nukleobazės (heterociklinės bazės) – tai nukleorūgščių sudėtinės dalys, kurioms tarpusavyje kontaktuojant per vandenilinius ryšius suformuojama nukleorūgščių antrinė struktūra. Pagrindinės nukleobazės yra citozinas (C), guaninas (G), adeninas (A), timinas (T) (DNR) ir uracilas (U) (RNR). Adeninas sąveikauja su timinu (DNR) sudarydami du vandenilinius ryšius, o guaninas su citozinu – tris.[1]

Adeninas ir guaninas dėl savo struktūros, kurią sudaro du žiedai, vadinami purinais, o citozinas, timinas ir uracilas – pirimidinais.

Darinys, kuriame nukleobazė yra kovalentiškai prijungta prie ribozės ar deoksiribozės 1' anglies atomo, vadinamas nukleozidu, o prie nukleozido per ribozės ar deoksiribozės 5' anglies atomą prijungus fosfato rūgšties liekaną, gausime nukleotidą.

Nukleobazė Chemical structure of adenine
Adeninas
Chemical structure of guanine
Guaninas
Chemical structure of thymine
Timinas
Chemical structure of uracil
Uracilas
Chemical structure of cytosine
Citozinas
Nukleozidas Chemical structure of adenosine
Adenozinas
A
Chemical structure of guanosine
Guanozinas
G
Chemical structure of thymidine
Timidinas
T
Chemical structure of uridine
Uridinas
U
Chemical structure of cytidine
Citidinas
C
  1. Juodka Benediktas (1989). Nukleino rūgščių, chemijos ir biochemijos pagrindai. Vilnius, „Mokslas“, 1989, 271p.
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Nukleobazė
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