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Zuurstof

Dit artikel is gesjreve (of begós) in 't Mestreechs. Laes hie wie v'r mit de versjillende saorte Limburgs ómgaon.


Periodiek systeem
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba * Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Fr Ra ** Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
* La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
** Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Algemein
Naom Zuurstof/Oxygenium
Symbool O
Atoomnómmer 8
Gróp Zuurstofgróp
Periode Periode 2
Blok P blok
Reeks Neet-metale
Kleur Kleurloos
Sjemische eigenschappe
Atoommassa (u) 15,999
Elektroneconfiguratie [He]2s2 2p4
Oxidatietoestande -2
Elektronegativiteit (Pauling) 3,44
1e ionisatiepotentiaol (kJ×mol-1) 1313,95
2e ionisatiepotentiaol (kJ×mol-1) 3388,33
3e ionisatiepotentiaol (kJ×mol-1) 5300,51
Fysische eigenschappe
Deechde (kg·m-3) 1,429
Smiltpunt (K) 54,8
Kaokpunt (K) 90,2
Aggregatietoestand Gas
Smiltwermde (kJ·mol-1) 0,223
Verdampingswermde (kJ·mol-1) 3,41
Van der Waalse straol (pm) 152
Kristalstructuur Kub
Molair volume (m3·mol-1) 14,0
Geluidssnelheid (m·s-1) 317
Specifieke wermde (J·kg-1·K-1) 920
Wermdegeleiding (W·m-1·K-1) 0,0265
SI-einhede en standaardtemperatuur en -drök waere gebroek,
tenzij angers aongegeve

Zuurstof is e chemisch illemint wat bij kamertemperatuur in oongeboonde staot 'n kleurloos gaas is (meh in hiel groete concentraties weurt 't blaw vaan kleur). 't Is 't meis veurkoumend illemint op Eerd en ein vaan de veer noedzakeleke illeminte veur eerds leve (neve waterstof, koolstof en stikstof). In de atmosfeer kump 't veur oongeveer 18% in zuvere vörm veur (es twieledeg molecuul O2, of in de ozonlaog es dreiledeg molecuul ozon, O3), en in speurkes vaan kooldioxide (CO2, oongeveer 0.04%). Aon 't oppervlak, en meistal ouch in de atmosfeer, tröf me 't aon in water (H2O); wijer kump 't in de eerdkoors veur in hiel väöl oxides (veural siliciumdioxide, SiO2) en zoere (daorum de naom).

Zuurstof heet de eigensjap tot 't ziech mèt de meiste illeminte gemekelek verbint, gemekeleker es eder ander materiaol daan ouch. 'n Reactie mèt zoerstof neump me verbranding; chemisch gezeen valle dao ouch corrosie en oontsteking vaan springstoffe oonder.

Zuurstofverbindinge make e good deil oet vaan väöl levende organismes, in 't bezunder vaan de bieste. Zuurstof inaosemende organismes kóste miljarde jaore trök oontstoon doortot bacterië en archaeë, die zjus wie plante zuurstof es afvalproduk oetaoseme, zoeväöl kooldioxide umgezat hadde tot de atmosfeer vol raakde mèt zuvere zuurstof. 't Neet oontstoon vaan diereleve zouw op d'n doer 't leve op eerd tot 'n ind gebrach höbbe.

In minseleke techniek is zuurstof ouch vaan vitaol belaank. Verbrandingsmotore höbbe door hun werkprincipes per definitie zuurstof nudeg, die ze meistal oet de loch hole. In rakètte gebruuk me evels tanks mèt vloejbare zuurstof. Zuurstoftanks weure gebruuk veur lui die op extreem huugde, in aofgeslote ruimtes of oonder water wèrke.

Zuurstof woort in 1771 door de Zwitserse apotheker Karl Wilhelm Scheele oontdèk, mer de heroontdèkking door Joseph Priestley maakde 't pas in wijere krink bekind. De naom oxygenium, "zoer-verwèkker", woort gegeve umtot me iewelaank meinde tot alle zoere zuurstof bevatte en dit illemint nudeg waor um zoere te verwekke (inderdaod zit in de meiste zoere zuurstof, mer 't is neet nudeg um 'n zoer te vörme).

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Zuurstof
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