Sturnidae
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Lamprotornis_hildebrandti_-Tanzania-8-2c.jpg/240px-Lamprotornis_hildebrandti_-Tanzania-8-2c.jpg)
Ordo : Passeriformes
Subordo : Passeri
Infraordo : Passerida
Familia : Sturnidae
Rafinesque, 1815
Sturnidae (a sturno) sunt familia avium ordinis Passeriformium magnitudine a parva ad mediam. Quae aves in Europa, Asia, Africa, alibique endemicae sunt, Australia septentrionale insulisque Pacificis tropicis non exceptis. Praeterea, nonnullae species Europeae et Asianae in has regiones, atque in Americam Septentrionalem, Havaios, et Novam Zelandiam introductae sunt, ubi cum avibus vernaculis de habitationibus certant et species invasivae putantur. Species plurimis hominibus in Europa et America Septentrionali notissima Sturnus vulgaris est, et per multum Asiae et regionis Pacificae, Acridotheres tristis late videtur.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Starling_eggs.jpeg/130px-Starling_eggs.jpeg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Starling_%285503763150%29.jpg/220px-Starling_%285503763150%29.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sturnus_vulgaris_vulgaris_2.jpg/170px-Sturnus_vulgaris_vulgaris_2.jpg)
Sturnidis sunt pedes validi, volatus validus et rectus, ac gregariae sunt. Agros apertos petunt, atque insectis et fructibus vescuntur. Nonnullae species circa habitationes humanas vivunt, ubi omnivora reapse sunt. Multae species praedam sicut larvas coleopterorum rostro aperto scrutantur, rostra in rimas inserta diducentes, sic foramina expandentes ut praedas exponant; qui mores late inter eruditos zirkeln, vocabulo Theodisco, appellantur.[1]
Pinnae multarum specierum plerumque sunt obscurae, nitore quasi metallico. Plurimae species nidos in foramina faciunt, ubi ova caerulea vel alba pariunt.
Sturnidis sunt vocationes diversae et multiplices, sonosque ex circumiectis in suas vocationes aliquando inserunt, etiam clamoribus autocineticis et exemplaribus sermonis humani non exclusis. Sturnidae certas singulas earum vocationibus agnoscere possunt, et sunt res indagationis de lingua humana evoluta.[2]
Systematica
[recensere | fontem recensere]Cladus Orientalis-Australasianus
[recensere | fontem recensere]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Polynesian_Starling.jpg/220px-Polynesian_Starling.jpg)
- Genus Rhabdornis (3 species)
- Genus Aplonis (circa 20 species vivae, 4–5 nuper exstinctae)
- Genus Mino
- Mino dumontii
- Mino anais
- Mino kreffti
- Genus Basilornis
- Basilornis celebensis
- Basilornis galeatus
- Basilornis corythaix
- Basilornis mirandus
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Beo.jpg/220px-Beo.jpg)
- Genus Sarcops
- Genus Streptocitta
- Streptocitta albicollis
- Streptocitta albertinae
- Genus Enodes
- Genus Scissirostrum
- Genus Ampeliceps
- Genus Gracula (5 species)
- Genus Leucopsar
Cladus Afrotropico-Palaearcticus
[recensere | fontem recensere]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Lamprotornis_nitens%2C_Kruger.jpg/220px-Lamprotornis_nitens%2C_Kruger.jpg)
- Genus Acridotheres (10 species)
- Genus Spodiopsar (2 species)
- Genus Hylopsar (2 species)
- Genus Agropsar (aliquando Sturnum aut Sturniam digestus; 2 species)
- Genus Sturnia (aliquando in Sturnum digestus)
- Sturnia sinensis
- Sturnia malabarica
- Sturnia erythropygia
- Sturnia blythii
- Sturnia pagodarum
- Genus Sturnus (2 species)
- Sturnus vulgaris
- Sturnus unicolor
- Genus Pastor
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/A_bird_in_Shenzhen.jpg/220px-A_bird_in_Shenzhen.jpg)
- Genus Gracupica (2 species)
- Genus Sturnornis
- Genus Creatophora
- Genus Notopholia
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/African_Superb_Starling_0623.jpg/220px-African_Superb_Starling_0623.jpg)
- Genus Lamprotornis (20 species; monophylia non dum confirmata)
- Lamprotornis nitens
- Lamprotornis chalybaeus
- Lamprotornis chloropterus
- Lamprotornis elisabeth
- Lamprotornis chalcurus
- Lamprotornis splendidus
- Lamprotornis ornatus
- Lamprotornis iris
- Lamprotornis purpureus
- Lamprotornis purpuroptera
- Lamprotornis caudatus
- Lamprotornis regius
- Lamprotornis mevesii
- Lamprotornis australis
- Lamprotornis acuticaudus
- Lamprotornis superbus
- Lamprotornis hildebrandti
- Lamprotornis shelleyi
- Lamprotornis pulcher
- Lamprotornis unicolor
- Lamprotornis albicapillus
- Lamprotornis fischeri
- Lamprotornis bicolor
- Genus Cinnyricinclus
- Genus Poeoptera (olim Pholia; aliquando in Cinnyricinclum digesta; 5 species)
- Genus Saroglossa
- Genus Hartlaubius
- Genus Onychognathus
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Pale-winged_starling_%28Onychognathus_nabouroup%29.jpg/220px-Pale-winged_starling_%28Onychognathus_nabouroup%29.jpg)
- Onychognathus morio
- Onychognathus tenuirostris
- Onychognathus fulgidus
- Onychognathus walleri
- Onychognathus blythii
- Onychognathus frater
- Onychognathus tristramii
- Onychognathus nabouroup
- Onychognathus salvadorii
- Onychognathus albirostris
- Onychognathus neumanni
- Genus Grafisia
- Genus Speculipastor
- Genus Neocichla
Cognationes incertae
[recensere | fontem recensere]Exstinctae Insularum Mascarenarum sturnidae cognationes incertas habent. Solum una species ex speciminibus ave iam exstante captis exsistit; alia species nota est solum ex ossibus subfossilibus et ut videtur ex descriptione unius tantum ex peregrinatoribus primis. Necropsar leguati, avis opinabilis, ad ultimum esse monstrata est specimen albinum Cinclocerthiae gutturalis familiae Mimidarum. Quia avifauna Insularum Mascarenarum plerumque ex India orta est, quamquam iam dudum, tam vetus ut distinctissima esset, cladus ad quam hae sturnidae pertinent incertus est, vel quidem num sturnidae revera sint, quia Fregilupus maxime insolitus semper videtur, et dubia manent num hic recte ponatur.
- Genus Fregilupus (exstinctus, annis 1850)
- Genus Necropsar (exstinctus, saeculo 18 exeunte?)
- Genus Cryptopsar(exstinctus, praehistorice?)
Notae
[recensere | fontem recensere]Bibliographia
[recensere | fontem recensere]- East, R., et R. P. Pottinger. 1975. "[Sturnus vulgaris L.] predation on grass grub (Costelytra zealandica (White), Melolonthinae) populations in Canterbury." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 18, no. 4 (November): 417–52. ISSN 0028-8233. doi:10.1080/00288233.1975.10421071
- Zimmer, Carl. 2006. "Starlings' listening skills may shed light on language evolution," The New York Times, 2 Maii 2006.
Nexus externi
[recensere | fontem recensere]![]() |
Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Sturnidas spectant. |
![]() |
Vide "Sturnidas" apud Vicispecies. |
Formula:Fontes biologici:
- Pelliculae, photographemata, soni. Lynxeds,com.
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