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Sloboda

Vide etiam paginam discretivam: Sloboda (discretiva).
Sloboda Germanica (Nemetskaja sloboda) Moscuae saeculo XVII (pictura Alexandri Benois anni 1909)

Sloboda[1] est genus vici vel coloniae, quod saepe in historia Russiae et Ucrainae et Rutheniae Albae memoratur. Sloboda vocabulum Russicum svoboda (i.e. libertas) in sermone cotidiano contortum est, nam coloni slobodae de servitute, qua rustici omnes opprimebantur, iure liberati sunt[2]. Slobodae saepe circa urbes magnas oriebantur et homines eodem studio in iis colligebantur; exempli gratia pyrobolistae (streltsy, unde Streletska sloboda[3]) vel aurigae veredarii[4] (ямщики, unde Ямская слобода, Jamskaja sloboda) etc. Etiam peregrini in sua sloboda colligebantur, quae in Moscua in Lefortovo districtu hodierno sita erat Germanica (Nemetskaja) appellabatur (nam omnes Europaei in Russia saepe Germani vocabantur). Aliae slobodae non circa urbes, sed in locis desertis oriebantur, saepe a cosacos slobodenses dictos aedificatae. Initio saeculi XVIII ius slobodarum proprium et libertates earum sublatae sunt, sed nomen manebat. Saeculis XVIII et XIX nomine sloboda saepe suburbia vel vici non magni, unius viae vel plateae, appellabantur, quorum incolae rei rusticae minime studebant, sed alias artes habebant.

  1. S. Ivaškovskij, Lexicon Rossico-Latinum, s.v. слобода. Cum nota: magnus vicus unius viae sive plateae; suburbium. Videas et tabulam Guilhelmi le Vasseur: sloboda, nova colon<i>a.
  2. Unde nomen Latinum colonia libera slobodae apte congruat.
  3. Abraham Göllnitz Compendium geographicum, Amstelodami 1649, p. 192 (Textus apud Google Books)
  4. S. Ivaškovskij, Lexicon Rossico-Latinum, s.v. ямщик.

Bibliographia

[recensere | fontem recensere]
  • Московские слободы и сотни в XVII веке // Богоявленский С. К., из: Московский край в его прошлом, ч. 2, Moscuae 1930. (Russice)
  • Бломквист Е. Э. Крестьянские постройки русских, украинцев и белорусов (поселения, жилища и хозяйственные строения) // Восточнославянский этнографический сборник. Очерки народной материальной культуры русских. Украинцев и белорусов в XIX — начале XX в. Moscuae 1956. (Russice)
  • Снегирёв В. Л. Московские слободы / Художник П. Зубченков. Moscuae 1947. (Russice)

Nexus externi

[recensere | fontem recensere]
  • Sloboda in Encyclopaedia Russica magna
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Sloboda
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