Pengabum^[1] (Paniabice پنجاب (Shahmukhi), ਪੰਜਾਬ (Gurumukhi), Pañjāb "quinque aquae"^[2]), sive Pentapotamia,^[3] est geographica culturalisque partis septentrionalis subcontinentis Indicae regio, quae partes Pakistaniae et Indiae comprehendit. Superficies eius est 355 591 chiliometra quadrata.

Ante Indiae partitionem anni 1947, provincia Britannica Pengabensis regiones comprehendebat quae hodie sunt civitates Indicae Pengabum, Hariyāṇā, Himācala Pradeśa, Caṇḍīgaṛha, Dellium, et provinciae Pakistanicae Pengabum et territorium capitale Islamabadense. Adiacet regiones Baluchistaniam et Pashtunistan ad occidentem, Casmiriam ad septentrionem, regionem Hindicam ad orientem, Rajasthanam et Sindiam ad meridiem.

Qui maiorem partem incolarum huius regionis constituunt Pengabenses appellantur, et lingua Paniabica loquuntur. Religiones principales sunt Islam, Sichismus, Hinduismus.

• 
  Peregrinus Sichisticus prope templum Harmandir Sahib urbis Amritsar
• 
  Sepulcrum Bibi Jawindi urbis Uch
• 
  Castellum Derawar prope Bahawalpur
• 
  Meschita Wazir Khan Lahorii
• 
  Monumentum Jallianwala Bagh

• Narang, K.S.; Gupta, Dr H.R. (1969). History of the Punjab 1500-1858. U. C. Kapur & Sons, Delhi 
• [Quraishee 73] Punjabi Adab De Kahani, Abdul Hafeez Quaraihee, Azeez Book Depot, Lahore, 1973.
• [Chopra 77] Punjab as a Sovereign State, Gulshan Lal Chopra, Al-Biruni, Lahore, 1977.
• Patwant Singh. 1999. The Sikhs. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-50206-0.
• The Evolution of Heroic Tradition in Ancient Panjab, 1971, Buddha Parkash.
• Social and Political Movements in ancient Panjab, Delhi, 1962, Buddha Parkash.
• History of Porus, Patiala, Buddha Parkash.
• History of the Panjab, Patiala, 1976, Fauja Singh, L. M. Joshi (Ed).
• The Legacy of the Punjab, 1997, R. M. Chopra.
• The Rise Growth and Decline of Indo-Persian Literature, R. M. Chopra, 2012, Iran Culture House, New Delhi. 2nd revised edition, published in 2013.
• Sims, Holly. "The State and Agricultural Productivity: Continuity versus Change in the Indian and Pakistani Punjabs." Asian Survey, 1 Aprilis 1986, 26(4): 483–500.

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Pengabum spectant.

Situs geographici et historici: Locus: 31°0′0″N 74°0′0″E • Store norske Lexikon • Treccani • Большая российская энциклопедия

• Situs publicus Pengabi Indici
• Situs publicus Pengabi Pakistanici