Neuron
Neuron[1][2][3] (-i, n., pl. neura;[1][4] aliquando etiam neuron, -onis, n.;[3] a Graeco νεῦρον, -ου, n., "nervus") sive neuronum (-i, n.)[1][5][6][7] sive neurocytus (-i, m.)[5][6][7] seu neurocyta[1] est excitabilis systematis nervorum cellula animalium superiorum. Propter membrana ad stimulos sentiendos apta, neura quam optima sunt communicatu: et sensus externos recipiunt et impulsus nervosos inter se ipsas aut alias cellulas ducunt. Neurona, una cum cellulis glialibus, textu nervoso attribuuntur.
Partes tres habent: perikaryon (soma), vel corpus neuri, ubi situs est nucleus, Nissli corpusculi, et alia organula; dendrita, quae sunt elongationes breves e somate quasi nexus adhibiti cum ceteris neuris, et axon, pars longissima neuri. E neuris compositi sunt nervi, quamobrem particulas primas esse dicuntur medullae spinalis et cerebri. Cerebrum humanum circiter 86 milliarda neuronorum habet.
Iunctura neurorum synapsis appellatur. Cuique neuro sunt circiter 10 000 synapsium.
Classificatio
[recensere | fontem recensere]Classificatio neuronorum uniformis nondum divisa est[8], quamqam plerique distinctionem secundum morphologiam (e.g. cellula bipolaris), physiologiam (e.g. responsa electrophysiologica) et geneticam[9] apte esse censent.
Embryologia (neurogenesis)
[recensere | fontem recensere]Neurona de neuroblastis progenitoribus cellularum nervalium emanant. Neuroblasti intra cerebrum embryonale ab tuba neurali ad locum eorum destinationis migrant, quo in structuras cerebri imponuntur[10].
Nexus interni
- Axon
- Codex neuralis
- Cellula glialis
- Gradiens electrochemicus
- Nervus
- Neurogenesis
- Neuroscientia
- Rete neuronorum
Notae
[recensere | fontem recensere]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Arnaudov, G.D. (1964). Terminologia medica polyglotta. Latinum-Bulgarski-Russkij-English-Français-Deutsch. Sofia: Editio medicina et physcultura.
- ↑ International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee (1989). Nomina Histologica. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FICAT) (2005). Terminologia Histologica. International terms for human cytology and histology. Philadelphia/Baltimore/New York/London/Buenos Aires/Hong Kong/Sydney/Tokyo: Wolter Kluwers-Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- ↑ Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee (1977). Nomina Histologica. Amsterdam-Oxford: Excerpta Medica.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee (1983). Nomina Histologica. Baltimore/London: Williams & Wilkins
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 International Committee on Veterinary Histological Nomenclature (1994). Nomina Histologica. Zürich/Ithaca/New York.
- ↑ Armañanzas R, Ascoli GA (2015). "Towards the automatic classification of neurons". Trends Neurosci 38 (5): 307–18
- ↑ Sümbül U., Song S., McCulloch K., Becker M., Lin B., Sanes J. R., Masland R. H., Seung H. S. (2014). "A genetic and computational approach to structurally classify neuronal types". Nat Commun 5: 4690
- ↑ Belvindrah R., Lazarini F., Lledo P.-M. (2009). "Postnatal neurogenesis: from neuroblast migration to neuronal integration". Reviews in neuroscience 20 (5-6): 331-46
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