틀:Marxism

Der 18te Brumaire des Louis Napoleon (한국어로는 루이 보나파르트의 브뤼메르 18일)은 1851년 12월부터 1852년 3월 사이에 카를 마르크스가 저술했으며, 1852년에 미국 뉴욕에서 독일어로 발간되던 월간 Die Revolution에 처음 기고된 글이다.

이 작은 책자에서, 마르크스는 자신을 treating actual historical events—those leading up to Louis Bonaparte's coup d'état of 2 December 1851—from the viewpoint of his materialist conception of history. 사회적이며 정치적인 역사가로 드러낸다.Together with Marx's contemporary writings on English politics, the Eighteenth Brumaire is the principal source for our understanding of Marx's theory of the capitalist state.^[1]

The "Eighteenth Brumaire" refers to November 9, 1799 in the French Revolutionary Calendar—the day Louis Bonaparte's uncle Napoleon Bonaparte had made himself dictator by a coup d'état; and the work is the source of one of Marx's most quoted statements, that history repeats itself, "the first as tragedy, then as farce" (with the former referring to Napoleon I, the latter to Napoleon III). Marx said: "Hegel remarks somewhere that all great world-historic facts and personages appear, so to speak, twice. He forgot to add: the first time as tragedy, the second time as farce." ^[2] In the preface to the second edition, Marx said it was the intention of the work to "demonstrate how the class struggle in France created circumstances and relationships that made it possible for a grotesque mediocrity to play a hero's part." ^[3]

The work also contains the most famous formulation of Marx's view of the role of the individual in history: "Men make their own history, but they do not make it as they please; they do not make it under self-selected circumstances, but under circumstances existing already, given and transmitted from the past."

Marx's interpretation of Louis Bonaparte's rise and rule is of interest to later scholars studying the nature and meaning of fascism. Many Marxist scholars ^{[출처 필요]} regard the coup as a forerunner of the phenomenon of 20th century fascism.

• Karl Marx
• Marxism
• Marxist theory
• Marxist philosophy
• Historical materialism

• The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon (Chapters 1 & 7 translated by Saul K. Padover from the German edition of 1869; Chapters 2 through 6 are based on the third edition, prepared by Friedrich Engels (1885), as translated and published by Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1937.)
• Preface to the Second Edition (1869)
• The eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, Charles H. Kerr, Chicago, 1907.
• The Eighteenth Brumaire Of Louis Bonaparte, International Publishers, New York, 1963.