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小臼歯

赤い部分がヒトの小臼歯

小臼歯(しょうきゅうし、premolar)とは、哺乳類において犬歯大臼歯の間にある人間では二対(八本)の歯を持ち、それぞれ近心側から第一小臼歯、第二小臼歯という。それらは通常、二つの咬頭を持ち、頬側の咬頭が大きい。これは特に下顎第一小臼歯で顕著である。下顎第二小臼歯は時には舌側に二咬頭を持つこともある。

定義上、小臼歯は犬歯の後ろで、乳臼歯の脱落した部位に萌出する永久歯である。哺乳類のうち、初期の真獣類(有胎盤類)では四対(十六本)の小臼歯があったが、新世界サル類人猿、人間では近心側の二本が失われたと言われている。このため、古生物学者は人間の第一小臼歯をPm3、第二小臼歯をPm4と呼ぶ。

ヒトの小臼歯

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小臼歯
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