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イラン系民族

イラン系民族
総人口
104–106 百万[1]
居住地域
イランイラン高原, アナトリア, 南アジア西部, 中央アジア, カフカス .
言語
印欧語族イラン語派
宗教
イスラム教が大勢

イラン系民族(イランけいみんぞく、Iranian peoples)とは、インド・ヨーロッパ語族イラン語派の言語を話す民族の総称である。

イラン祖語はインド・ヨーロッパ語族の下位言語として中央アジアにおいて紀元前2千年紀に誕生したと考えられる[2][3]。紀元前1000年紀に分布が最大になった時には、イラン系民族の分布範囲はイラン高原を超えて西はハンガリー平原、東はオルドス平原に至るユーラシア・ステップ全域に及んだ[4]

当時は西イラン語群系のペルシャ帝国が古代史において覇権を握っており、文化的に大きな影響を残した。東イラン語群系の遊牧民はステップの騎馬文化シルクロードにおいて大きな役割を果たした[2]。古代のイラン系民族にはアラン人バクトリア人ダアイマッサゲタイメディア人ホラズムパルティアサカ族サルマタイスキタイソグド人などが含まれる。

紀元後1000年までに、イラン系民族の分布域は、スラヴ系民族ラテン系民族ゲルマン系民族アラブ系民族テュルク系民族モンゴル系民族チベット系民族の拡大にとって代わられるかたちで減少していき、多くはスラヴ化した[5][6][7][8] 。現在のイラン系民族はアゼルバイジャン人バロチ族クルド人ロル族オセット人タート人パシュトゥーン人パミール人ペルシャ人タジク人などが含まれる。現在の分布域はイラン高原からコーカサス新疆にかけてである[9]

遺伝子

[編集]

イラン系民族に関連するY染色体ハプログループとしてR-Z94が想定される。

脚注

[編集]
  1. ^
    • イラン: Library of Congress, Library of Congress – Federal Research pccklDivision. “Ethnic Groups and Languages of Iran”. 2009年12月2日閲覧。 (Persian and Caspian dialects-65% Kurdish 8%-Luri/Bakhtiari 5%- Baluchi 4%):80% of the population or approximately 63 million people.
    • アフガニスタン: CIA Factbook Afghanistan: unting Pashtuns, Tajiks, Baluchs, 21 million
    • Tajiks of Central Asia counting Tajikistan and Uzbekistan 10–15 million
    • Kurds Syria, Lebanon and Iraq based on CIA factbook estimate 18 million
    • Zazas of Turkey, based on CIA factbook estimate 4 million
    • Ossetians, Talysh, Tats, Kurds of the Caucasus and Central Asia: 1–2 million based on CIA factbook/ethnologue.
    • Tajiks of China: 50,000 to 100,000
    • Iranian speakers in Bahrain, the Persian Gulf , Western Europe and USA, 3 million.
    • Pakistan counting Baluchis+Pashtus+Afghan refugees based on CIA factbook and other sources: 71 million.
  2. ^ a b Beckwith 2009, pp. 58–77
  3. ^ Mallory 1997, pp. 308–311
  4. ^ Harmatta 1992, p. 348: "From the first millennium b.c., we have abundant historical, archaeological and linguistic sources for the location of the territory inhabited by the Iranian peoples. In this period the territory of the northern Iranians, they being equestrian nomads, extended over the whole zone of the steppes and the wooded steppes and even the semi-deserts from the Great Hungarian Plain to the Ordos in northern China."
  5. ^ Brzezinski, Richard; Mielczarek, Mariusz (2002). The Sarmatians, 600 BC-AD 450. Osprey Publishing. p. 39. ""(..) Indeed, it is now accepted that the Sarmatians merged in with pre-Slavic populations."" 
  6. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. Taylor & Francis. p. 523. ""(..) In their Ukrainian and Polish homeland the Slavs were intermixed and at times overlain by Germanic speakers (the Goths) and by Iranian speakers (Scythians, Sarmatians, Alans) in a shifting array of tribal and national configurations."" 
  7. ^ Women in Russia. Stanford University Press. (1977). p. 3. ""(..) Ancient accounts link the Amazons with the Scythians and the Sarmatians, who successively dominated the south of Russia for a millennium extending back to the seventh century B.C. The descendants of these peoples were absorbed by the Slavs who came to be known as Russians."" 
  8. ^ Slovene Studies. 9-11. Society for Slovene Studies. (1987). p. 36. ""(..) For example, the ancient Scythians, Sarmatians (amongst others), and many other attested but now extinct peoples were assimilated in the course of history by Proto-Slavs."" 
  9. ^ Emmerick, Ronald Eric. "Iranian languages". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
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イラン系民族
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