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Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Fazari

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Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī (in arabo عبد الله محمد بن إبراهيم بن حبيب الفزاري?, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm b. Ḥabīb al-Fazārī; Kufa, ... – Baghdad, 796 o 806[1]) è stato un astronomo, filosofo e matematico arabo attivo alla corte del califfo abbaside al‐Manṣūr[2][3].

Figlio di Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī, anch'egli astronomo e matematico, attivo nella corte califfale dell'abbaside Hārūn al-Rashīd, studiò dapprima col padre e poi a Baghdad, dove nel 747 s'era trasferita la famiglia.

Alcune fonti lo indicano come arabo,[4][5][6][7] ma altre fonti lo indicano come persiano.[8][9][10]

Al-Fazārī tradusse numerosi testi scientifici in arabo e farsi.[11] Viene considerato il primo musulmano ad aver costruito un astrolabio[9] a proposito del quale scrisse il Kitāb al‐ʿamal bi‐l‐asṭurlāb al‐musaṭṭaḥ ("Libro sull'azione dell'astrolabio piano": in arabo كتاب العمل بالأسطرلاب المسطح).

Tabella dei numeri cardinali in caratteri latini, arabi e hindi.
Europei (derivati dai caratteri arabi occidentali) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Indo-arabi ٠ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨ ٩
Indo-arabi orientali (persiano ed urdu) ۰ ۱ ۲ ۳ ۴ ۵ ۶ ۷ ۸ ۹
Devanagari (Hindi)
Tamil

Con il padre di Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq e con suo figlio, aiutò a tradurre il testo astronomico indiano di Brahmagupta (floruit VII secolo), il Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta, chiamato in arabo al-Zīj ʿalā Sinī al-ʿArab,[12] o Zij al-Sindhind al-kabīr.
Questa traduzione fu probabilmente il veicolo attraverso il quale i numeri cardinali indiani furono trasmessi al mondo islamico,[13] prima che in Occidente essi fossero fatti conoscere da Leonardo Fibonacci.

  1. ^ Ibn ʿAsākir, Taʾrīkh Dimashq, II, p. 254.
  2. ^ H. Suter, Die Mathematiker und Astronomen der Araber, 1900, p. 4.
  3. ^ Introduction to the History of Science by George Sarton, p. 524
  4. ^ Scott L. Montgomery, Science in Translation: movements of knowledge through cultures and time, p. 81.
  5. ^ Abramovich, Boris et al., History of Civilizations of Central Asia, pp. 177–178.
  6. ^ Pingree, David, "The Fragments of the Works of Al-Fazari", in: Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 29, n. 2 (1970), pp. 103–123.
  7. ^ Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Irshād al-arīb fī maʿrifat al-adīb, ed. D. S. Margoliouth, "E.J.W. Gibb Memorial Series", 6 voll., Vol. 6. 2ª ed., Londra, 1931.
  8. ^ Ralph Westwood Moore, Michael Huxley, The Root of Europe: studies in the diffusion of Greek culture, 1952, p. 48
  9. ^ a b Richard N. Frye, The Golden Age of Persia, p. 163.
  10. ^ Ervin Lewis, Mildred Bain, From Freedom to Freedom: African roots in American soils: selected readings.
  11. ^ M. D. Zafar, Glimpses of Islamic History and Culture, 1987, p. 331.
  12. ^ E. S. Kennedy, A Survey of Islamic Astronomical Tables, (Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series, 46, 2), Philadelphia, 1956, pp. 2, 7, 12 (zīj n. 2, 28, 71).
  13. ^ D. E. Smith e L. C. Karpinski: The Hindu-Arabic Numerals, Boston, 1911, p. 92.

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Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Fazari
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