Súruætt
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Polygonoideae |
Súruætt (fræðiheiti: Polygonaceae) er ætt blómstrandi plantna, yfirleitt fjölærar jurtir, en einærar og trjákenndar tegundir þekkjast einnig.
Í ættinni eru um 1200 tegundir[2] sem skiftast á milli 48 ættkvísla.[3] Stærstu ættkvíslirnar eru Eriogonum (240 tegundir), Rumex (200 tegundir), Coccoloba (120 tegundir), Persicaria (100 tegundir) og Calligonum (80 tegundir).[4][5] Ættin er með heimsútbreiðslu, en flestar tegundirnar eru á tempruðum svæðum norðurhvels.
Allnokkrar tegundir eru ræktaðar til skrauts.[6] Nokkrar tegundir Triplaris gefa af sér timbur.[2] ÁvöxturCoccoloba uvifera er nýttur til matar.[7] Fræ tveggja tegunda Fagopyrum, þekkt sem bókhveiti eru notuð í mjöl. Leggir rabbabara (Rheum rhabarbarum og blendinga) eru nýttir til matar. Blöð túnsúru (Rumex acetosa) eru einnig notuð til matar.[8]
Polygonaceae er einnig með nokkrar af verstu illgresistegundunum, þar á meðal tegundir af Persicaria, Rumex og Polygonum, svo sem Polygonum reynoutria.[2]
Ættkvíslir
[breyta | breyta frumkóða]Plants of the World Online viðurkenna 56 ættkvíslir:[9]
- Acanthoscyphus Small
- Afrobrunnichia Hutch. & Dalziel
- Antigonon Endl.
- Aristocapsa Reveal & Hardham
- Atraphaxis L.
- Bactria Yurtseva & Mavrodiev
- Bistorta (L.) Scop.
- Brunnichia Banks ex Gaertn.
- Calligonum L.
- Centrostegia A.Gray
- Chorizanthe R.Br. ex Benth.
- Coccoloba P.Browne
- Dedeckera Reveal & J.T.Howell
- Dodecahema Reveal & C.B.Hardham
- Duma T.M.Schust.
- Enneatypus Herzog
- Eriogonum Michx.
- Eskemukerjea Malick & Sengupta
- Fagopyrum Mill.
- Fallopia Adans.
- Gilmania Coville
- Goodmania Reveal & Ertter
- Gymnopodium Rolfe
- Harfordia Greene & Parry
- Harpagocarpus Hutch. & Dandy
- Hollisteria S.Watson
- Johanneshowellia Reveal
- Knorringia (Czukav.) Tzvelev
- Koenigia L.
- Lastarriaea Remy
- Leptogonum Benth.
- Magoniella Adr.Sanchez
- Mucronea Benth.
- Muehlenbeckia Meisn.
- Nemacaulis Nutt.
- Neomillspaughia S.F.Blake
- Oxygonum Burch.
- Oxyria Hill
- Oxytheca Nutt.
- Persicaria Mill.
- Peutalis Raf.
- Podopterus Bonpl.
- Polygonum L.
- Pteropyrum Jaub. & Spach
- Pterostegia Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
- Pteroxygonum Dammer & Diels
- Reynoutria Houtt.
- Rheum L.
- Rumex L.
- Ruprechtia C.A.Mey.
- Salta Adr.Sanchez
- Sidotheca Reveal
- Stenogonum Nutt.
- Symmeria Benth.
- Systenotheca Reveal & Hardham
- Triplaris Loefl.
Fyrrum ætkvíslir
[breyta | breyta frumkóða]- Aconogonon (Meisn.) Rchb. – nú talin til Koenigia
- Homalocladium (F.Muell.) L.H.Bailey – nú talin til Muehlenbeckia
- Parapteropyrum A.J.Li – nú talin til Fagopyrum
- Polygonella Michx. – nú talin til Polygonum
- Rubrivena M.Král – nú talin til Koenigia
Ættartré
[breyta | breyta frumkóða]Eftirfarandi ættartré er byggt á tvemur fræðigreinum um sameinda-erfðafræði Polygonaceae.[10][11]
| Polygonaceae |
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Tilvísanir
[breyta | breyta frumkóða]- ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009), „An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III“, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161 (2): 105–121, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x, afrit af upprunalegu geymt þann 25. maí 2017, sótt 10. desember 2010
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 David J. Mabberley. 2008. Mabberley's Plant-Book third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4
- ↑ Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). „The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase“. Phytotaxa. Magnolia Press. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
- ↑ Craig C. Freeman and James L. Reveal. 2005. "Polygonaceae" pages 216-601. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (editors). Flora of North America vol. 5. Oxford University Press: New York, NY, USA. ISBN 978-0-19-522211-1 (see External links below)
- ↑ John Brandbyge. 1993. "Polygonaceae". pages 531-544. In: Klaus Kubitzki (editor); Jens G. Rohwer, and Volker Bittrich (volume editors). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants volume II. Springer-Verlag: Berlin; Heidelberg, Germany ISBN 978-3-540-55509-4 (Berlin) ISBN 978-0-387-55509-6 (New York)
- ↑ Anthony Huxley, Mark Griffiths, and Margot Levy (1992). The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. The Macmillan Press,Limited: London. The Stockton Press: New York. ISBN 978-0-333-47494-5 (set).
- ↑ George W. Staples and Derral R. Herbst "A Tropical Garden Flora" Bishop Museum Press: Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. (2005)
- ↑ Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. Flowering Plant Families of the World. Firefly Books: Ontario, Canada. (2007). ISBN 978-1-55407-206-4.
- ↑ „Polygonaceae Juss.“. Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Sótt 1. mars 2019.
- ↑ Sanchez, Adriana; Schuster, Tanja M.; Kron, Kathleen A. (2009). „A large-scale phylogeny of Polygonaceae based on molecular data“. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 170 (8): 1044–1055. doi:10.1086/605121.
- ↑ Burke, Janelle M.; Sanchez, Adriana; Kron, Kathleen; Luckow, Melissa (2010). „Placing the woody tropical genera of Polygonaceae: A hypothesis of character evolution and phylogeny“. American Journal of Botany. 97 (8): 1377–1390. doi:10.3732/ajb.1000022. PMID 21616890.
Tenglar
[breyta | breyta frumkóða]- Polygonaceae In: FNA volume 5 In: Family List In: Flora of North America Geymt 28 október 2010 í Wayback Machine At: eFloras Geymt 5 nóvember 2005 í Wayback Machine
- Polygonaceae In: Genera Plantarum (Jussieu) At: Genera Plantarum At: Search At: Botanicus.org
- List of Genera in Polygonaceae At: Polygonaceae At: Caryophyllales At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website At: Missoure Botanical Garden Website
- List of genera in family Polygonaceae At: Dicotyledons Geymt 12 september 2012 í Wayback Machine At: List Genera within a Family Geymt 12 september 2012 í Wayback Machine At: Vascular Plant Families and Genera Geymt 15 september 2012 í Wayback Machine At: About the Checklist Geymt 11 september 2012 í Wayback Machine At: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families At: Data Sources Geymt 10 september 2012 í Wayback Machine At: ePIC Geymt 10 september 2012 í Wayback Machine At: Scientific Databases At: Kew Gardens
- List of genera At: Polygonaceae Geymt 15 september 2012 í Wayback Machine At: List of families Geymt 16 ágúst 2000 í Wayback Machine At: Families and Genera in GRIN Geymt 27 febrúar 2013 í Wayback Machine At: Queries At: GRIN taxonomy for plants Geymt 15 október 2004 í Wayback Machine
- non-core Caryophyllales At: Caryophyllales Geymt 16 október 2012 í Wayback Machine At: Root of the Tree (Life on Earth) Geymt 14 október 2008 í Wayback Machine At: Tree of Life web project
- Polygonaceae In: Flowering Plants (Takhtajan)
- Polygonaceae Geymt 3 janúar 2007 í Wayback Machine in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. Geymt 3 janúar 2007 í Wayback Machine http://delta-intkey.com Geymt 3 janúar 2007 í Wayback Machine
- Family Polygonaceae Geymt 11 október 2012 í Wayback Machine Flowers in Israel
- Polygonaceae of Mongolia in FloraGREIF Geymt 26 febrúar 2012 í Wayback Machine
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