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Theodor Otto Diener

Theodor Otto Diener
Lahir(1921-02-28)28 Februari 1921
Zürich, Swiss
Meninggal28 Maret 2023(2023-03-28) (umur 102)
Beltsville, Maryland, A.S.
AlmamaterInstitut Teknologi Konfederasi Swiss (Dr sc. ETH 1946)
Dikenal atasPenemuan viroid
Suami/istri
  • Shirley Baumann
    ​
    (divorced)​
  • Sybil Fox
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1968; meninggal 2012)​
Anak3
Penghargaan
Karier ilmiah
BidangFitopatologi
InstitusiUniversitas Negeri Washington, Departemen Pertanian Amerika Serikat

Theodor Otto Diener (28 Februari 1921 – 28 Maret 2023)[1][2] adalah seorang ahli fitopatologi Swiss-Amerika. Pada tahun 1971, ia menemukan bahwa agen penyebab penyakit umbi gelendong kentang bukanlah virus, tetapi agen baru, yang hanya terdiri dari untaian pendek RNA untai tunggal tanpa kapsid protein, delapan puluh kali lebih kecil dari virus terkecil. Dia mengusulkan untuk menamainya, dan agen serupa yang belum ditemukan, sebagai viroid. Viroid menggantikan virus sebagai agen infeksius terkecil yang diketahui.

Referensi

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  1. ^ Who's who in Frontiers of Science and TechnologyPerlu mendaftar (gratis). Marquis Who's Who. 1985. ISBN 978-0-8379-5702-9. 
  2. ^ Langer, Emily (14 April 2023). "Theodor Diener, scientist who discovered the tiny viroid, dies at 102"Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan. The Washington Post (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 14 April 2023. 
1970-an
  • George F. Sprague / John C. Walker (1978)
  • Jay Laurence Lush / Kenneth Blaxter (1979)
1980-an
  • Karl Maramorosch (1980)
  • John O. Almquist / Henry A. Lardy / Glenn W. Salisbury (1981)
  • Wendell L. Roelofs (1982)
  • Don Kirkham / Cornellis T. de Witt (1983/4)
  • Robert H. Burris (1984/5)
  • Ralph Riley / Ernest R. Sears (1986)
  • Theodor O. Diener (1987)
  • Charles Thibault / Ernest John Christopher Polge (1988)
  • Peter M. Biggs / Michael Elliott (1989)
1990-an
  • Jozef Stefaan Schell (1990)
  • Shang Fa Yang (1991)
  • John E. Casida (1993)
  • Carl B. Huffaker / Perry Adkisson (1994/5)
  • Morris Schnitzer / Frank J. Stevenson (1995/6)
  • Neal L. First (1996/7)
  • Ilan Chet / Baldur R. Stefansson (1998)
2000-an
  • Gurdev Khush (2000)
  • Roger N. Beachy / James E. Womack (2001)
  • R. Michael Roberts / Fuller W. Bazer (2002/3)
  • Yuan Longping / Steven D. Tanksley (2004)
  • Ronald L. Phillips / Michel A. J. Georges (2006/7)
  • John A. Pickett / James H. Tumlinson / W. Joe Lewis (2008)
2010-an
  • David Baulcombe (2010)
  • Harris Lewin / R. James Cook (2011)
  • Joachim Messing / Jared Diamond (2013)
  • Jorge Dubcovsky / Leif Andersson (2014)
  • Linda Saif (2015)
  • Trudy Mackay (2016)
  • Gene E. Robinson (2018)
  • David Zilberman (2019)
2020-an
  • Caroline Dean (2020)
Ilmu perilaku dan ilmu sosial
1960-an
1980-an
1990-an
2000-an
  • 2000: Gary Becker
  • 2001: George Bass
  • 2003: R. Duncan Luce
  • 2004: Kenneth Arrow
  • 2005: Gordon H. Bower
  • 2008: Michael I. Posner
  • 2009: Mortimer Mishkin
2010-an
Ilmu biologi
1960-an
1970-an
1980-an
1990-an
2000-an
2010-an
  • 2010: Ralph L. Brinster
  • Shu Chien
  • Rudolf Jaenisch
  • 2011: Lucy Shapiro
  • Leroy Hood
  • Sallie Chisholm
  • 2014: May Berenbaum
  • Bruce Alberts
  • 2015: Stanley Falkow
  • Rakesh K. Jain
  • Mary-Claire King
  • Simon Levin
Kimia
1980-an
1990-an
  • 1990: Elkan Blout
  • Karl Folkers
  • John D. Roberts
  • 1991: Ronald Breslow
  • Gertrude B. Elion
  • Dudley R. Herschbach
  • Glenn T. Seaborg
  • 1992: Howard E. Simmons Jr.
  • 1993: Donald J. Cram
  • Norman Hackerman
  • 1994: George S. Hammond
  • 1995: Thomas Cech
  • Isabella L. Karle
  • 1996: Norman Davidson
  • 1997: Darleane C. Hoffman
  • Harold S. Johnston
  • 1998: John W. Cahn
  • George M. Whitesides
  • 1999: Stuart A. Rice
  • John Ross
  • Susan Solomon
2000-an
  • 2000: John D. Baldeschwieler
  • Ralph F. Hirschmann
  • 2001: Ernest R. Davidson
  • Gábor A. Somorjai
  • 2002: John I. Brauman
  • 2004: Stephen J. Lippard
  • 2006: Marvin H. Caruthers
  • Peter B. Dervan
  • 2007: Mostafa A. El-Sayed
  • 2008: Joanna Fowler
  • JoAnne Stubbe
  • 2009: Stephen J. Benkovic
  • Marye Anne Fox
2010-an
  • 2010: Jacqueline K. Barton
  • Peter J. Stang
  • 2011: Allen J. Bard
  • M. Frederick Hawthorne
  • 2014: Judith P. Klinman
  • Jerrold Meinwald
  • 2015: A. Paul Alivisatos
  • Geraldine L. Richmond
Ilmu teknik
1960-an
  • 1962: Theodore von Kármán
  • 1963: Vannevar Bush
  • John Robinson Pierce
  • 1964: Charles S. Draper
  • 1965: Hugh L. Dryden
  • Clarence L. Johnson
  • Warren K. Lewis
  • 1966: Claude E. Shannon
  • 1967: Edwin H. Land
  • Igor I. Sikorsky
  • 1968: J. Presper Eckert
  • Nathan M. Newmark
  • 1969: Jack St. Clair Kilby
1970-an
  • 1970: George E. Mueller
  • 1973: Harold E. Edgerton
  • Richard T. Whitcomb
  • 1974: Rudolf Kompfner
  • Ralph Brazelton Peck
  • Abel Wolman
  • 1975: Manson Benedict
  • William Hayward Pickering
  • Frederick E. Terman
  • Wernher von Braun
  • 1976: Morris Cohen
  • Peter C. Goldmark
  • Erwin Wilhelm Müller
  • 1979: Emmett N. Leith
  • Raymond D. Mindlin
  • Robert N. Noyce
  • Earl R. Parker
  • Simon Ramo
1980-an
  • 1982: Edward H. Heinemann
  • Donald L. Katz
  • 1983: William Redington Hewlett
  • George M. Low
  • John G. Trump
  • 1986: Hans Wolfgang Liepmann
  • T. Y. Lin
  • Bernard M. Oliver
  • 1987: R. Byron Bird
  • H. Bolton Seed
  • Ernst Weber
  • 1988: Daniel C. Drucker
  • Willis M. Hawkins
  • George W. Housner
  • 1989: Harry George Drickamer
  • Herbert E. Grier
1990-an
  • 1990: Mildred Dresselhaus
  • Nick Holonyak Jr.
  • 1991: George H. Heilmeier
  • Luna B. Leopold
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  • 1992: Calvin F. Quate
  • John Roy Whinnery
  • 1993: Alfred Y. Cho
  • 1994: Ray W. Clough
  • 1995: Hermann A. Haus
  • 1996: James L. Flanagan
  • C. Kumar N. Patel
  • 1998: Eli Ruckenstein
  • 1999: Kenneth N. Stevens
2000-an
  • 2000: Yuan-Cheng B. Fung
  • 2001: Andreas Acrivos
  • 2002: Leo Beranek
  • 2003: John M. Prausnitz
  • 2004: Edwin N. Lightfoot
  • 2005: Jan D. Achenbach
  • Tobin J. Marks
  • 2006: Robert S. Langer
  • 2007: David J. Wineland
  • 2008: Rudolf E. Kálmán
  • 2009: Amnon Yariv
2010-an
  • 2010: Shu Chien
  • 2011: John Goodenough
  • 2014: Thomas Kailath
Matematika, statistik, dan ilmu komputer
1960-an
1970-an
1980-an
  • 1982: Marshall Harvey Stone
  • 1983: Herman Goldstine
  • Isadore Singer
  • 1986: Peter Lax
  • Antoni Zygmund
  • 1987: Raoul Bott
  • Michael Freedman
  • 1988: Ralph E. Gomory
  • Joseph B. Keller
  • 1989: Samuel Karlin
  • Saunders Mac Lane
  • Donald C. Spencer
1990-an
  • 1990: George F. Carrier
  • Stephen Cole Kleene
  • John McCarthy
  • 1991: Alberto Calderón
  • 1992: Allen Newell
  • 1993: Martin David Kruskal
  • 1994: John Cocke
  • 1995: Louis Nirenberg
  • 1996: Richard Karp
  • Stephen Smale
  • 1997: Shing-Tung Yau
  • 1998: Cathleen Synge Morawetz
  • 1999: Felix Browder
  • Ronald R. Coifman
2000-an
2010-an
Ilmu fisika
1960-an
1970-an
1980-an
1990-an
2000-an
  • 2000: Willis E. Lamb
  • Jeremiah P. Ostriker
  • Gilbert F. White
  • 2001: Marvin L. Cohen
  • Raymond Davis Jr.
  • Charles Keeling
  • 2002: Richard Garwin
  • W. Jason Morgan
  • Edward Witten
  • 2003: G. Brent Dalrymple
  • Riccardo Giacconi
  • 2004: Robert N. Clayton
  • 2005: Ralph A. Alpher
  • Lonnie Thompson
  • 2006: Daniel Kleppner
  • 2007: Fay Ajzenberg-Selove
  • Charles P. Slichter
  • 2008: Berni Alder
  • James E. Gunn
  • 2009: Yakir Aharonov
  • Esther M. Conwell
  • Warren M. Washington
2010-an
  • 2011: Sidney Drell
  • Sandra Faber
  • Sylvester James Gates
  • 2014: Burton Richter
  • Sean C. Solomon
  • 2015: Shirley Ann Jackson
Umum
Perpustakaan nasional
Basis data ilmiah
Lain-lain
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Theodor Otto Diener
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