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Nilam (permata)

Nilam
Safir Logan biru 423 karat (85 g)
Umum
KategoriMineral
Rumus
(unit berulang)
aluminium oksida, Al2O3
Sistem kristalTrigonal
Identifikasi
WarnaBiru, merah muda, kuning, hijau, putih, dan gabungan
Perawakanmasif dan butiran
BelahanTidak ada
FrakturConchoidal, splintery
Kekerasan dalam skala Mohs9,0
KilauVitreous
GoresPutih
Berat jenis3,95-4,03
Indeks bias1,762-1,778
PleokroismeKuat
Fusibilitasinfusible
Kelarutaninsoluble
Batu safir berbagai macam warna.

Batu nilam , Safir atau nilakandi (Bahasa Ibrani: ספּיר sapir) adalah bentuk kristal tunggal aluminium oksida (Al2O3), suatu mineral yang dikenal sebagai korundum. Safir dapat ditemukan secara alami sebagai batu permata atau difabrikasi pada boule kristal besar untuk berbagai keperluan, termasuk komponen optik inframerah, permukaan jam, jendela yang kuat, dan wafer untuk deposisi semikonduktor seperti nanorod GaN.

Kelompok korundum termasuk aluminium murni. Sejumlah kecil unsur lain seperti besi, titanium, dan kromium memberikan warna biru, kuning, merah muda, ungu, jingga, atau kehijauan terhadap safir. Safir termasuk semua variasi kualitas mineral korundum kecuali yang memiliki warna merah jenuh penuh, yang dikenal sebagai rubi.

Bacaan lanjutan

[sunting | sunting sumber]


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Nilam (permata)
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