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Sōsaku-hanga

Sōsaku-hanga (創作版画, "cetakan kreatif") adalah gerakan seni cetak balok kayu yang muncul di Jepang pada awal abad ke-20. Gerakan ini menekankan seniman sebagai satu-satunya kreator yang dimotivasi oleh hasrat untuk mengekspresikan diri, dan menganjurkan prinsip-prinsip seni yang "digambar sendiri" (自画 jiga), "diukir sendiri" (自刻 jikoku), dan "dicetak sendiri" (自摺 jizuri). Berbeda dengan gerakan shin-hanga ("cetakan baru") paralel yang mempertahankan sistem kolaboratif ukiyo-e tradisional di mana seniman, pemahat, pencetak, dan penerbit terlibat dalam pembagian kerja.

"Nelayan" karya Kanae Yamamoto (1904)

Kelahiran gerakan sōsaku-hanga ditandai oleh cetakan kecil Fisherman karya Kanae Yamamoto (1882–1946) pada tahun 1904. Berangkat dari sistem kolaboratif ukiyo-e, Yamamoto membuat cetakan itu sendiri: menggambar, mengukir, dan mencetak gambar. Prinsip-prinsip "digambar sendiri", "diukir sendiri", dan "dicetak sendiri" tersebut menjadi dasar gerakan tersebut, yang berjuang untuk bertahan hidup di Jepang sebelum perang, dan memperoleh momentumnya serta berkembang pesat di Jepang pascaperang sebagai pewaris sejati tradisi ukiyo-e. Namun, dalam praktiknya, perbedaan sosaku-hanga dengan gerakan lainnya tidak begitu jelas. Misalnya, salah satu seniman terkemuka, Kōshirō Onchi, menugaskan pemahat, seperti Yamagishi Kazue, dan pencetak, seperti muridnya Jun'ichirō Sekino, untuk menghasilkan karyanya.

Biennial Seni São Paulo tahun 1951 menjadi saksi keberhasilan gerakan cetak kreatif. Kedua pemenang dari Jepang, Yamamoto dan Kiyoshi Saitō (1907–1997) adalah seniman cetak yang mengungguli seni lukis Jepang (nihonga), seni lukis gaya Barat (yōga), seni pahat, dan seni avant-garde. Seniman sōsaku-hanga lainnya seperti Kōshirō Onchi (1891–1955), Un'ichi Hiratsuka (1895–1997), Sadao Watanabe (1913–1996), dan Maki Haku (1924–2000) juga dikenal di Barat.

Lihat pula

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  • Seratus Pemandangan Tokyo Baru

Bacaan lebih lanjut

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  • Ajioka, Chiaki, Kuwahara, Noriko and Nishiyama, Junko. Hanga: Japanese creative prints. Sydney: Art Gallery of New South Wales, c2000. ISBN 0-7347-6313-1
  • Blakemore, Frances. Who’s Who in Modern Japanese Prints. New York: Weatherhill, 1975.
  • Fujikake, Shizuya. Japanese Woodblock Prints. Tokyo: Japan Travel Bureau, 1957.
  • Jenkins, Donald, and Gilkey, Gordon, and Klemperer, Louise. Images of a Changing World - Japanese Prints of the Twentieth Century, 1983. Portland Art Museum, Oregon.
  • Kawakita, Michiaki. Contemporary Japanese Prints. Tokyo and Palo Alto: Kodansha, 1967.
  • Keyes, Roger. Break with the Past: The Japanese Creative Print Movement, 1910-1960. Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, 1988.
  • Michener, James. The Modern Japanese Print: An Appreciation. Rutland & Tokyo: Tuttle, 1968.
  • Milone, Marco. La xilografia giapponese moderno-contemporanea, Edizioni Clandestine, 2023, ISBN 88-6596-746-3
  • Petit G. and Arboleda A. Evolving Techniques in Japanese Woodblock Prints. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1977.
  • Statler, Oliver. Modern Japanese Prints: An Art Reborn. Rutland & Tokyo: Tuttle, 1956.
  • Smith, Lawrence. Japanese Prints During the Allied Occupation 1945–1952: Onchi Koshiro, Ernst Hacker and the First Thursday Society. Art Media Resources, 2002. ISBN 0-7567-8527-8
  • Volk, Alicia. Made in Japan: The Postwar Creative Print Movement. Milwaukee Art Museum and University of Washington Press, 2005. ISBN 0-295-98502-X

Pranala luar

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  • SŌSAKU-HANGA - 創作版画 - Japanese Twentieth-Century Creative Prints, from The Bowdoin College Museum of Art
  • Sōsaku hanga — Viewing Japanese Prints situs web oleh John Fiorillo
  • Suzaka Hanga Museum di Suzaka, Nagano
  • Nihon no Hanga Museum di Amsterdam
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Sōsaku-hanga
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