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Metanol dehidrogenase

Subunit alpha enzim metanol dehidrogenase.

Metanol dehidrogenase (MDH, EC 1.1.99.8) merupakan suatu protein quinon yang berperan dalam metabolisme senyawa berkarbon tunggal.[1] Dengan adanya enzim ini, senyawa berkarbon tunggal akan diubah menjadi senyawa formaldehida yang masuk ke dalam siklus metabolisme lanjutan.[2] Proses inilah yang menjadi kunci dari produksi energi bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bakteri metilotrof.[3] Pada bakteri fakultatif metilotrof, konsentrasi enzim metanol dehidrogenase di dalam selnya dapat mencapai 10-15%.[4] Konsentrasi enzim ini pun meningkat dengan adanya penambahan senyawa metilamina sebagai sumber karbon tambahannya.[4] Pengukuran konsentrasi enzim (total protein) dapat menggunakan metode Bradford.[5]

Enzim metanol dehidrogenase memiliki struktur α2β2 tetramer, di mana subunit α memiliki ukuran 66 kDa, sedangkan subunit β hanya 8,5 kDa.[6] Di dalam setiap subunit α terdapat molekul koenzim yang terikat secara nonkovalen.[1] Molekul ini dikenal dengan istilah pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ, 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid).[1] Di samping itu juga terdapat ion kalsium (Ca2+) yang berperan sebagai kofaktor bagi enzim ini.[1] Senyawa PQQ dan ion kalsium ini terletak pada sisi aktif enzim dan berperan penting dalam mengaktivasi kerja enzim.[1] Untuk memproduksi enzim metanol dehidrogenase setidaknya dibutuhkan 26 gen yang terlibat, di antaranya terdapat gen yang mengkodekan struktur polipeptida, sitokrom cL, dan gen untuk mensintesis senyawa PQQ.[7]

Referensi

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  1. ^ a b c d e Liu Q, Kirchhoff JR, Faehnle CR, Viola RE, Hudson RA. 2005. A rapid method for the purification of methanol dehydrogenase from Methylobacterium extorquens. Prot Exp and Pur 46:316-320.
  2. ^ Christoserdova L, Laukel M, Portais JC, Vorholt JA, Lindstorm ME. 2004. Multiple formate dehydrogenase enzymes in the facultative methylotroph Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 are dispensable for growth on methanol. J Bacteriol 186:22-28.
  3. ^ Anthony C. 1986. Bacterial oxidation of methane and methanol. Adv Microb Physiol 27:113-120.
  4. ^ a b Machlin SM, Hanson R. 1988. Nucleotide sequence and transcriptional start site of the Methylobacterium organophilum XX methanol dehydrogenase structural gene. J Bacteriol 170(10):4739-4747.
  5. ^ Bradford MM. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein–dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–254.
  6. ^ Anthony C, Williams P. 2003. The structure and mechanism of methanol dehydrogenase. Biochim Biophys Acta 1647:18–23.
  7. ^ Davagnino J, Springer AL, Lidstorm ME. 1998. An RNA polymerase preparation from Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 capable of transcribing from a methylotrophic promoter. Microbiol 44:177-182.
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Metanol dehidrogenase
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