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Undang-undang Hammurabi

Undang-undang Hammurabi
Undang-undang Hammurabi di Museum Louvre, Paris, Prancis
Dibuatkira-kira 1750 SM
PenulisHammurabi
TujuanUndang-undang hukum

Undang-undang Hammurabi adalah prasasti hukum kuno Babilonia yang disusun oleh raja Hammurabi. Prasasti ini berukuran 2,25 meter dengan tulisan terukir dalam bahasa Akkadia berisi 282 peraturan mengenai berbagai ketentuan; semisal undang-undang perdagangan, perbudakan, penuduhan, ganti rugi kerusakan, pencurian dan hubungan keluarga.

Pada tahun 1901, seorang arkeolog asal Swiss, Gustave Jéquier, berhasil menemukan undang-undang ini di situs prasejarah Susa, Khuzestan, Iran.[1] Para peneliti percaya bahwa undang-undang ini termasuk salah satu prasasti hukum tertua di dunia.[2] Terdapat beberapa salinan hukum pada batu-batu ukiran yang berukuran lebih kecil. Saat ini, Undang-undang Hammurabi menjadi salah satu koleksi Museum Louvre di Paris.

Salah satu peraturan terkenal dari prasasti ini adalah hukum balas-setimpal yang mirip dengan Hukum di Kitab Taurat:

Jika seseorang menghancurkan mata milik orang lain, mereka harus menghancurkan mata milik perusak itu. Jika seseorang mematahkan tulang milik orang lain, mereka harus mematahkan tulang milik orang (yang mematahkan) itu.... — Hukum ke-196 dan ke-197.[3]

Terdapat berbagai peraturan lain yang salah satunya membahas hukum orang merdeka terhadap budak.[4]

Lihat pula

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Referensi

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  1. ^ Cultures in Contact: From Mesopotamia to the Mediterranean in the Second Millennium B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 
  2. ^ Barton, G.A: Archaeology and the Bible. University of Michigan Library, 2009, hal.406.
  3. ^ J. Dyneley Prince, The American Journal of Theology University of Chicago Press
  4. ^ Gabriele Bartz, Eberhard König, (Arts and Architecture), Könemann, Köln, (2005), ISBN 3-8331-1943-8.

Pranala luar

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Undang-undang Hammurabi
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