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Kebun manusia

Penduduk asli Tierra del Fuego (Argentine Patagonia) dibawa ke Paris oleh Maître pada tahun 1889.

Kebun manusia (juga disebut pameran etnologi atau Desa Negro) adalah pameran manusia yang diselenggarakan pada abad ke-19 dan 20, biasanya dalam keadaan alami atau primitif.[1] Pamerannya sering menekankan perbedaan budaya antara peradaban Eropa dan Barat dan orang-orang non-Eropa. Kebun etnografi sering didasari oleh unilinealisme, rasisme ilmiah, dan Darwinisme sosial. Sejumlah kebun manusia menempatkan penduduk pribumi (terutama Afrika) di antara primata besar dan manusia keturunan Eropa.[2] Kebun etnografi banyak dikritik karena sangat merendahkan martabat manusia dan rasis. Ota Benga adalah salah seorang etnis Afrika yang pernah dijadikan objek pameran di Bronx Zoo.[3]

Di era modern, museum sejarah hidup atau museum pertanian hidup mirip seperti kebun manusia. Museum sejarah hidup berupaya menampilkan bagaimana orang-orang hidup di berbagai masa atau tempat. Karyawan atau relawan berpakaian dan melakukan aktivitas kehidupan sehari-hari dalam budaya lain. Di Amerika Serikat, museum sejarah hidup memamerkan kehidupan yang mendemonstrasikan pemanggangan roti, menanam dan memanen ladang, serta beternak ayam. Umumnya, para relawan ini pulang pada malam hari.

Lihat pula

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  1. ^ Iannuzzi, Guido Abbattista and Giulia (2016-10). "World Expositions as Time Machines: Two Views of the Visual Construction of Time between Anthropology and Futurama". World History Connected. 13 (3). 
  2. ^ Bradley, James. "The ape insult: a short history of a racist idea". The Conversation (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 30 September 2020. In this view, humans didn’t share a common ancestry with apes; they were directly descended from them. And Africans then became the link between monkeys and Europeans. The popular image commonly associated with Darwinian evolution of the staged transformation of ape into man should more properly be called Lamarckian. 
  3. ^ "The man who was caged in a zoo | Pamela Newkirk". the Guardian (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2015-06-03. Diakses tanggal 30 September 2020. 

Daftar pustaka dan film

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  • Nicolas Bancel, Pascal Blanchard, Gilles Boëtsch, Eric Deroo, Sandrine Lemaire Zoos humains. De la Vénus hottentote aux reality shows, edition La Découverte (2002) 480 pages (Prancis) - French presentation of the book here [1] ISBN 2-7071-4401-0
  • Anne Dreesbach: Colonial Exhibitions, 'Völkerschauen' and the Display of the 'Other', European History Online, Mainz: Institute of European History, 2012, retrieved: June 6, 2012.
  • The Couple in the Cage. 1997. Dir. Coco Fusco and Paula Eredia. 30 min.
  • Régis Warnier, the film Man to Man. 2005.
  • "From Bella Coola to Berlin". 2006. Dir. Barbara Hager. 48 minutes. Broadcaster—Bravo! Canada (2007).
  • "Indianer in Berlin: Hagenbeck's Volkerschau". 2006. Dir. Barbara Hager. Broadcaster—Discovery Germany Geschichte Channel (2007).
  • Alexander C. T. Geppert, Fleeting Cities. Imperial Expositions in Fin-de-Siècle Europe (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010).
  • Sadiah Qureshi, Peoples on Parade: Exhibitions, Empire and Anthropology in Nineteenth-Century Britain (2011).

Pranala luar

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Kebun manusia
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