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Eksarkat

Eksarkat (dari Yunani ἔξαρχος, exarchos; bahasa Inggris: exarch) adalah gelar seorang gubernur provinsi pada Kekaisaran Bizantium, terutama untuk wilayah yang agak jauh dari ibu kota Konstantinopel. Pada kebanyakan keadaan, seorang eksarka sering kali ikut serta dalam operasi militer.

Jabatan gerejawi

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Dalam Gereja Kristen Ritus Timur (Gereja Ortodoks Timur, Gereja Ortodoks Oriental dan Gereja Katolik Timur), istilah eksarka mempunyai dua penggunaan khusus untuk jabatan:

  • wakil (deputy) seorang Patriark, atau uskup dalam Gereja Ritus Timur yang mengepalai uskup-uskup lainnya tanpa menjadi seorang patriarka. Jadi merupakan posisi di antara seorang "patriarka" dan "uskup metropolitan")
  • uskup yang ditunjuk untuk melayani sekelompok jemaat yang tidak cukup besar atau cukup terorganisir untuk membentuk suatu eparchy atau diocese (jadi setara dengan suatu "vicar apostolic").

Sejumlah Eksarkat dari Gereja Katolik Timur ini terdapat dalam Annuario Pontificio tahun 2006 atau sumber-sumber yang lebih baru.[1]

Eksarkat Apostolik (Apostolic exarchates)

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  • Armenian Catholic Church: Amerika Latin & Meksiko
  • Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church: Sofia (Bulgaria)
  • Croatian Byzantine Catholic Church:
    • Apostolic Exarchate of Serbia and Montenegro
  • Greek Byzantine Catholic Church:
  • Melkite Greek Catholic Church:
  • Hungarian Greek Catholic Church: Miskolc (Hungary)
  • Macedonian Greek Catholic Church: Macedonia
  • Ruthenian Catholic Church:
    • Apostolic Exarchate in the Czech Republic
  • Russian Catholic Church:
    • Harbin (China)
    • Rusia
  • Syrian Catholic Church: Venezuela
  • Syro-Malankara Catholic Church:
    • Syro-Malankara Catholic Exarchate in the United States
  • Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church:
    • Jerman dan Skandinavia (Finlandia, Norwegia, Swedia, Denmark, dan Islandia)

Patriarchal exarchates

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  • Armenian Catholic Church:
  • Melkite Greek Catholic Church:
  • Maronite Church:
    • Yerusalem dan Palestina (Palestina, Israel)
    • Yordania
  • Syrian Catholic Church:
    • Bassorah dan Gulf (Irak, Kuwait dll.)
    • Yerusalem (Palestina, Israel dan Yordania)
    • Turki

Archiepiscopal exarchates

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Hanya ada tiga, semua dalam Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, di Ukraina:

  • Donetsk–Kharkiv
  • Lutsk-Volyn
  • Odessa–Krym

Pranala luar

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Referensi

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Eksarkat
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