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Plinska konstanta

Plinska konstanta ili univerzalna plinska konstanta je fizikalna konstanta koja je vezana za jednadžbu stanja idealnog plina. Ona ima jednaku vrijednost kao Boltzmannova konstanta samo što je izražena u jedinicama za energiju. Njena je vrijednost:

Jednadžba stanja idealnog plina glasi:

gdje je p – apsolutni tlak plina (Pa), Vobujam plina (m3), n – broj molova u plinu i T - apsolutna temperatura (K). Plinska konstanta ima iste jedinice kao molarna entropija.

Odnos s Boltzmannovom konstantom

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Boltzmannova konstanta kB se ponekad može koristiti umjesto plinske konstante:

gdje je NAAvogadrov broj. Onda jednadžba stanja idealnog plina s Boltzmannovom konstantom glasi:

Specifična plinska konstanta

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Rspecific
za suhi zrak
Jedinice
286,9 J kg−1 K−1
53,3533 ft lbf lb−1 °R−1
1716,59 ft lbf slug−1 °R−1
Zasniva se na srednjoj molarnoj masi

suhog zraka koja je 28,9645 g/mol.

Specifična plinska konstanta plina ili smjese plinova (Rspecific) je data s plinskom konstantom, ako se dijeli s molarnom masom (M) plina ili smjese:

Specifična plinska konstanta može biti vezana s Boltzmannovom konstantom kB:

Jedan važan odnos izlazi iz termodinamike, koji veže specifičnu plinsku konstantu sa specifičnim toplinskim kapacitetom pri stalnom tlaku (p) i pri stalnom obujmu (V):

gdje je: cp - specifični toplinski kapacitet pri stalnom tlaku i cv - specifični toplinski kapacitet pri stalnom obujmu.[1][2]

Izvori

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  1. Anderson, Hypersonic and High-Temperature Gas Dynamics, AIAA Education Series, 2nd Ed, 2006.
  2. Moran and Shapiro: Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, Wiley, 4th Ed, 2000.
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Plinska konstanta
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