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Pahulja

Pahulja je kristal leda, oblik čvrstog agregatnog stanja vode. Ako pahulje nastaju iz otopine proces se naziva flokulacija. Ako kondenziraju riječ je o zgrušavanju.

U 17. stoljeću, filozof i znanstvenik René Descartes, napisao je traktat o pahuljama kao i Johannes Kepler. Oba su utvrdili, da kristali leda imaju približan oblik šesterokuta. Međutim, nisu savršeno simetrične.

Američki znanstvenik Wilson Bentley utvrdio je, da je svaka pahulja jedinstvena i ima svoj poseban oblik,[1] koji ovisi o temperaturi na kojoj je nastala.[2] Na primjer, pahulje pri temperaturi od -2 °C imaju neobičan trokutasti oblik.[3] Najljepše oblike imaju kada kristali leda brzo izrastu, npr. pri prolasku vodenih kapljica kroz olujni oblak.[4]

Najveća izmjerena pahulja pala je 1887. godine u Montani (SAD), bila je široka 38 cm.[5]

Galerija

[uredi | uredi kôd]

Izbor iz fotografija, koje je uslikao Wilson Bentley (1865.1931.):

Izvori

[uredi | uredi kôd]
  1. Moore, Leonard: Dječja enciklopedija prirode, Stvarnost Zagreb 1985.
  2. Klesius, Michael (2007), "The Mystery of Snowflakes", National Geographic 211 (1): 20, ISSN 0027-9358
  3. http://www.its.caltech.edu/~atomic/snowcrystals/class/class.htm
  4. Taylor, Charles, Pople Stephen: Oxford: Čudesni svijet znanosti, Sysprint, Zagreb 1999.
  5. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/20/science/20snow.html?_r=1
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Pahulja
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